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1.
Phytother Res ; 16(7): 621-6, 2002 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12410541

ABSTRACT

The benzene fraction (BF) of a petroleum ether extract of dried rhizomes of ginger, which contained anticonvulsant principle(s), was screened for anxiolytic and antiemetic activity. Motor coordination was not affected by BF per se, but diazepam-induced motor incoordination was potentiated. Animals treated with BF showed decreased occupancy in the closed arm of the elevated plus maze suggesting the presence of anxiolytic principles in the BF. BF also blocked lithium sulphate-induced conditioned place aversion indicating antiemetic activity. These findings suggest that the fraction (BF) possesses anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and antiemetic activity.


Subject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Antiemetics/pharmacology , Motor Activity/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Zingiber officinale , Animals , Anti-Anxiety Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Antiemetics/administration & dosage , Antiemetics/therapeutic use , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Male , Maze Learning/drug effects , Pentylenetetrazole , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Roots , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Seizures/chemically induced , Seizures/drug therapy
2.
Phytother Res ; 16(5): 455-60, 2002 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12203267

ABSTRACT

Various parts of Sesbania grandiflora have been used in the Indian system of medicine, in particular, the leaves of S. grandiflora are used in Ayurveda for the treatment of epileptic fits. In the present study we have evaluated the anticonvulsive activity of S. grandiflora leaves using a variety of animal models of convulsions. Bioassay guided separation was also carried out to identify the fraction possessing anticonvulsant activity. The benzene:ethyl acetate fraction (BE) of the acetone soluble part of a petroleum ether extract significantly delayed the onset of convulsions in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and strychnine (STR)- induced seizures in mice and reduced the duration of tonic hindleg extension in the maximum electroconvulsive shock (MES) induced seizures in mice. The BE contained a triterpene as a major component. In addition, the BE also inhibited electrically induced kindled seizures in mice and lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats. It prolonged the duration of sleep induced by pentobarbital and antagonized the effect of D-amphetamine. Mice treated with BE preferred to remain in the open arm of the elevated plus maze indicating anxiolytic activity. The BE raised the brain contents of gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin. Thus the triterpene containing fraction of S. grandiflora exhibits a wide spectrum of anticonvulsant profile and anxiolytic activity.


Subject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Fabaceae/chemistry , Medicine, Ayurvedic , Phytotherapy , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Seizures/drug therapy , Amphetamine/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Anxiety Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain Chemistry/drug effects , Electroshock , India , Locomotion/drug effects , Male , Mice , Pentobarbital/pharmacology , Pentylenetetrazole/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Seizures/chemically induced , Serotonin/analysis , Sleep/drug effects , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analysis
3.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 81(3): 299-305, 2002 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12127229

ABSTRACT

The effect of saponin containing n-butanolic fraction (BF) extracted from dried leaves of Albizzia lebbeck on learning and memory was studied in albino mice using passive shock avoidance paradigm and the elevated plus maze. Significant improvement was observed in the retention ability of the normal and amnesic mice as compared to their respective controls. We have also studied the effects of BF on the behavior influenced by serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline and dopamine. The brain levels of serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine were also estimated to correlate the behavior with neurotransmitter levels. The brain concentrations of GABA and dopamine were decreased, whereas the 5-HT level was increased. The data indicate the involvement of monoamine neurotransmitters in the nootropic action of BF of A. lebbeck.


Subject(s)
Albizzia/chemistry , Learning/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Saponins/pharmacology , Animals , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain Chemistry/drug effects , Catalepsy/chemically induced , Clonidine/pharmacology , Depression/chemically induced , Dopamine/analysis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Haloperidol/pharmacology , Hypothermia/chemically induced , Lithium/pharmacology , Male , Maze Learning/drug effects , Mice , Norepinephrine/analysis , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Psychomotor Performance/drug effects , Rats , Saponins/administration & dosage , Saponins/toxicity , Serotonin/analysis
4.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav ; 72(4): 965-72, 2002 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12062587

ABSTRACT

The bioassay-guided fractionation of dried flowers of Butea monosperma (BM) was carried out to isolate the active principle responsible for its anticonvulsant activity. The petroleum ether extract was fractionated by column chromatography using solvents of varying polarity such as n-hexane, n-hexane:ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The anticonvulsive principle of B. monosperma was found to be a triterpene (TBM) present in the n-hexane:ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction of the petroleum ether extract. TBM exhibited anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by maximum electroshock (MES) and its PD(50) was found to be 34.2+/-18.1 mg/kg. TBM also inhibited seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), electrical kindling, and the combination of lithium sulfate and pilocarpine nitrate (Li-Pilo). However, TBM was not effective against seizures induced by strychnine and picrotoxin. TBM exhibited depressant effect on the central nervous system. After repeated use for 7 days, the PD(50) (MES) of TBM increased to 51.5+/-12.1 mg/kg. Similarly, after repeated use of TBM, the duration of sleep induced by pentobarbital was not reduced significantly. Further studies are required to investigate its usefulness in the treatment of epilepsy.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Butea/chemistry , Animals , Anticonvulsants/toxicity , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Convulsants/pharmacology , Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/psychology , Electroshock , Flowers/chemistry , Lithium/antagonists & inhibitors , Male , Pentylenetetrazole/antagonists & inhibitors , Pentylenetetrazole/pharmacology , Picrotoxin/antagonists & inhibitors , Pilocarpine/antagonists & inhibitors , Postural Balance/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Seizures/chemically induced , Seizures/prevention & control , Strychnine/antagonists & inhibitors
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