ABSTRACT
We analyzed spirometric data (spirograms and flow-volume curves) on 1,357 healthy Japanese children (6-14 yr, 709 males and 648 females) in Higashimatsuyama, Saitama. The area was selected as the representative of the less polluted area in Japan, as we intended to exclude possible effects of air-pollution on spirometric values. Hot-wire anaemometers (AS 3500, AS 4500, MINATO) were used in the spirometry and the test procedures were done following the American Thoracic Society recommendations. By multiple regression analysis prediction equations were obtained for VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%), MMFR, PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate), V75, V50, and V25. The selected variables were height and weight for VC, FVC and FEV1 but only height for MMFR, PEFR, V75, V50 and V25. Since there was no significant correlations between FEV1/FVC (%) and these variables, we defined normal ranges for FEV1/FVC (%). The predicted values derived from our equations were larger than those obtained from the other studies published in Japan. The difference is probably due to the improvement in the body size of Japanese children and the equipments used.
Subject(s)
Lung/physiology , Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves , Spirometry , Adolescent , Age Factors , Asian People , Child , Female , Humans , Japan , Male , Predictive Value of Tests , Reference Values , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
We measured pulmonary function on 182 healthy Japanese children 6 to 16 years of age living in the Tokyo area. Static lung volumes, RV/TLC (%), FRC/TLC (%), FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%), MMFR, MVV, f, VE and VO2 were measured. Multiple regression equations were obtained and the results were compared with those derived from the other equations (Kanagami (1958), Ishida (1955]. The predicted values were about 10 approximately 25% higher with our equations than those obtained from the other equations which were made more than 30 years ago. These differences were attributed to the recent improvement in growth of the Japanese children. For this reason we think it is better now to adopt new equations for the prediction of normal values in Japanese children.
Subject(s)
Lung/physiology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Female , Humans , Lung Volume Measurements , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Reference Values , Regression Analysis , Respiratory Function Tests , Sex Factors , TokyoABSTRACT
PIP: In this study of teenage birth and abortion in 46 prefectures in Japan, age specific birth rates and percentage of age specific abortion rates constructed specifically for the study constituted the dependent variables. Data from officially published materials in 1970, 1975, and 1980 provided the independent socioeconomic and educational variables for the analysis. The relationship between birth rates or percentage changes of abortion and these independent variables were explored through multivariate regression analysis and path analysis. Demographic and educational variables, particularly the divorce rate, total fertility, percent nuclear family, and the middle level educational attainment in the prefectures, were found to be highly significant predictors of teenage birth and aportion. The study also proposed models to show the relationship among predictors by carrying out the path analysis. The results confirmed that the divorce rate and the middle level educational attainment had the strongest predicting power.^ieng
Subject(s)
Abortion, Induced , Birth Rate , Divorce , Educational Status , Family Characteristics , Family Planning Services , Marital Status , Marriage , Models, Theoretical , Multivariate Analysis , Population Characteristics , Population , Pregnancy in Adolescence , Pregnancy , Reproduction , Research Design , Research , Statistics as Topic , Asia , Demography , Developed Countries , Developing Countries , Economics , Employment , Asia, Eastern , Fertility , Japan , Population Dynamics , Sexual Behavior , Social Class , Socioeconomic Factors , UnemploymentABSTRACT
Among the 47 prefectures of Japan, the prefecture of Shiga stands out due to its remarkably high death rate from diabetes, especially in female diabetics. In an attempt to clarify the causes, a diabetes detection study was carried out in the inhabitants aged 40 or over of five communities. The prevalence rate of diabetes was 1.7%; male 2.5% and female 1.3%. However, the study could include only 14% of the inhabitants (3253 out of 23,249 inhabitants). In a community named Aito, where the diabetic death rate was the highest among communities of the prefecture and the study covered 95% of the 1849 inhabitants, the prevalence of diabetes was 3.0% in males and 1.2% in females (2.2% in total). Obesity, hypertension and ischemic change in electrocardiogram were more frequent in female diabetics than in male diabetics in this community. These results suggest that the high death rate from diabetes in the female population is not caused by a high prevalence rate of diabetes and female diabetics may be affected by several risk factors which influence their prognosis more often than that of male diabetics.
