ABSTRACT
Several new diagnostic and management challenges have evolved as a result of limited knowledge about the incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MISC) and its natural history which is caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. There are no data on the long-term outcomes of the illness and MISC. A 12-year-old female child with no significant history was rushed to a emergency room with complaints of rashes all over her body for the past seven days, fever for the past five days, and altered sensorium for the last one day. The child tested negative for COVID-19 at first and then was found to be antibody positive for COVID-19. The child showed symptoms of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome, which involved the main alteration in liver functioning. This case is suggestive of how the COVID-19 virus causes alteration in liver functioning and its inflammation, including inflammation of other organs, which is called MISC.
ABSTRACT
Vitiligo, a common depigmenting cutaneous condition, is thought to affect 0.5%-2% of the world's population. During this condition, melanocytes are selectively lost, resulting in non-scaly, chalky-white macules. Achromic macules and patches are side effects of the multifaceted disease vitiligo, defined as the absence of epidermal pigmentation. The causes of this disaster are three significant factors. A suppressed reaction to touch allergens is one of many abnormal activities of the hypopigmented epidermis, which has also been observed in hypopigmented rats. The white epidermis of people with albinism, which is the same color as vitiligo, is more vulnerable to skin carcinoma; the white epidermis of people with vitiligo does not develop non-melanoma skin carcinoma. The overall etiology of vitiligo, which is now categorically recognized as an immunological illness, has made significant strides in recent years. Even though vitiligo is frequently dismissed as an esthetic issue, it can have serious mental consequences and significantly interfere with daily life. A global consensus in 2011 classified segmental vitiligo separately from all other types of vitiligo. The term vitiligo has been repurposed to refer to various types of nonsegmental vitiligo. There are numerous pharmaceutical procedures available on the market that aim to stop the development of and induce epidermal repigmentation. Variable levels of skin pigmentation have been observed with such therapies, either alone or in combination, and their predominance was safe and efficient. There are few vitiligo treatments available, and none of them can reliably cause repigmentation in every individual. Individualized management is required depending on geography, physical appearance, and the presence of illness activities. The preceding study aims to provide insight into the potential prospects of vitiligo medication while also summarizing the current body of knowledge on the condition.
