Anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and biocompatibility properties of aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica L. fruit coat analyses by in-vitro and in-vivo approaches.

The anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and biocompatibility nature of Tamarindus indica L. fruit coat aqueous extract were investigated in this research through in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The anti-inflammatory property was determined through albumin denaturation inhibition and antiprotease activities as up to 39.5% and 41.2% respectively at 30 mg mL-1 concentration. Furthermore, the antidiabetic activity was determined through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition as up to 62.15% and 67.35% respectively at 30 mg mL-1 dosage. The albino mice based acute toxicity study was performed by different treatment groups (group I-V) with different dosages of aqueous extract to detect the biocompatibility of sample. Surprisingly, findings revealed that the T. indica L. fruit coat aqueous extract had no harmful impacts on any of the groups. Urine, as well as serum parameter analysis, confirmed this. Moreover, the findings of SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), GST (Glutathione-S-transferase), & CAT (Catalase) as well as glutathione peroxidase as well as reduced glutathione antioxidant enzymes studies stated that the aqueous extract possess high antioxidant ability via a dose-dependent way. These findings indicate that T. indica fruit coat aqueous extract contains medicinally important phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, as well as being biocompatible in nature.

Regenerative marine waste towards CaCO3 nanoformulation for Alzheimer's therapy.

Alzheimer's disorder (AD) is associated with behavioural and cognitive destruction with due respect to the neurological degeneration. Conventional therapeutic approach for treatment of AD using neuroprotective drugs suffered certain limitations such as poor solubility, insufficient bioavailability, adverse side effects at higher dose and ineffective permeability on blood brain barrier (BBB). Development of nanomaterial based drug delivery system helped to overcome these barriers. Hence the present work focused on encapsulating neuroprotective drug citronellyl acetate within CaCO3 nanoparticles to develop neuroprotective CaCO3 nanoformulation (CA@CaCO3 NFs). CaCO3 was derived from marine conch shell waste, while the neuroprotective drug citronellyl acetate was scrutinized by in-silico high throughput screening. In-vitro findings revealed that CA@CaCO3 nanoformulation exhibited enhanced free radical scavenging activity of 92% (IC50 value - 29.27 ± 2.6 µg/ml), AChE inhibition of 95% (IC50 value - 25.6292 ± 1.5 µg/ml) at its maximum dose (100 µg/ml). CA@CaCO3 NFs attenuated the aggregation of ß-amyloid peptide (Aß) and also disaggregated the preformed mature plaques the major risk factor for AD. Overall, the present study reveals that CaCO3 nanoformulations exhibits potent neuroprotective potential when compared to the CaCO3 nanoparticles alone and citronellyl acetate alone due to the sustained drug release and synergistic effect of CaCO3 nanoparticles and citronellyl acetate depicting the fact that CaCO3 can act as promising drug delivery system for treatment of neurodegenerative and CNS related disorders.

Inorganic nanoparticles: A potential cancer therapy for human welfare.

Cancer is an abnormal condition leading to uncontrolled cell division which causes damage to the body tissues. Around 100 types of cancer are studied so far namely breast cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer and lymphoma. Major cancer therapies include chemotherapy, surgery and radiations but their major drawbacks are non-specifically distributed antitumor agents, uneven delivery of drug concentration to the tumour and low monitoring. Nanoparticles (NPs) are the newly trending field of nanomedicine implied in cancer therapy. The structural characteristics of NPs makes them excellent mode for targeting and penetrating the abnormal cell growth caused by cancer. They can potentially enter the abnormal cells causing DNA damage and determine the defects in the genes. Apart from targeting cancer cells they also aid in drug delivery, imaging of abnormal cells, release and monitoring of therapeutic agents against cancer. The present review deals with the inorganic NPs mediated pharmacotherapy, potential strategies for developing drug delivery system, evaluate the merits and demerits of traditional chemotherapy and nanotherapy for significantly improving the treatment of cancers.