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1.
Am J Primatol ; 69(4): 367-76, 2007 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17177283

ABSTRACT

Little information is available regarding the intestinal bacteria of chimpanzees in the wild, due to the technical difficulties of studying intestinal bacteria in the field. In this study, molecular-based bacterial analyses were performed to overcome this difficulty because polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods, such as temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene can be applied to ethanol-fixed fecal samples. The common presence of bacteria belonging to the Clostridium rRNA sub-group XIVa, such as Ruminococcus obeum and Eubacterium sp., was indicated for Bossou wild chimpanzees by ARDRA. TGGE on partial 16S rDNA followed by hierarchical clustering analysis showed a systematic difference in the composition of intestinal microbiota between wild and captive chimpanzees. However, several TGGE bands commonly shared by wild and captured chimpanzees were excised, and their sequences were obtained. They were suggested to be the Clostridium leptum subgroup bacteria, Lactobacillus gasseri-like bacterium, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum- or B. catenulatum-like bacterium. These may be considered as common intestinal bacteria for chimpanzees, and may be transmitted vertically over generations.


Subject(s)
Bacteria/genetics , Feces/microbiology , Intestines/microbiology , Pan troglodytes/microbiology , Animals , Cluster Analysis , DNA Primers , Electrophoresis , Guinea , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Restriction Mapping , Sequence Analysis, DNA
2.
Exp Anim ; 54(1): 101-5, 2005 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15725687

ABSTRACT

A case of spontaneous malignant lymphoma in a Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) was pathologically, etiologically and virologically studied. Nasal cavity was involved in the neoplastic lesions in addition to lymphoid and visceral tissues. Histopathological analyses revealed the presence of neoplastic cells classified into histiocytic Hodgkin-like cells and Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Histiocytic Hodgkin-like cells were CD16+ and CD20+, and the CD16+ cells were also positive for simian Epstein-Barr virus (sEBV)-encoded early RNA transcripts. RS-like cells were negative for CD3, CD16 and CD20. Antibodies to early antigen of sEBV were detected, while antibodies to simian T-cell leukemia virus-1 were negative. The case may correspond to EBV-associated nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma in humans rather than Hodgkin lymphoma.


Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/veterinary , Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis , Lymphoma, T-Cell/veterinary , Macaca , Monkey Diseases/diagnosis , Nose Neoplasms/diagnosis , Nose Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Antigens, CD20 , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/etiology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology , Lymphoid Tissue/pathology , Lymphoma, T-Cell/etiology , Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology , Male , Monkey Diseases/etiology , Monkey Diseases/pathology , Nasal Cavity/pathology , Nose Neoplasms/etiology , Nose Neoplasms/pathology , Receptors, IgG , Viscera/pathology
3.
Primates ; 44(3): 273-80, 2003 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12884118

ABSTRACT

We examined growth changes in concentrations of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and testosterone, and somatometric parameters in two captive male agile gibbons from birth to about 4 years of age, to examine the evolution of growth patterns in primates. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations in agile gibbons generally increased with age with values ranging from 200 to 1100 ng/ml. The growth profiles in plasma IGF-1 in the gibbons were similar to those reported for chimpanzees. The highest concentrations of plasma testosterone (230 and 296 ng/dl) were observed within the first 0.3 years from birth, then the concentrations rapidly decreased and fluctuated below 100 ng/dl. Continuously higher IGF-1 concentrations were observed after 2.6 and 3.5 years of age. The profiles of plasma testosterone in these gibbons also resembled those of other primates including humans. However, their plasma testosterone levels in both neonate and adult stages (60 ng/dl) were lower than those reported for macaques and chimpanzees of respective stages. The obtained growth profiles of plasma IGF-1 and testosterone suggest that the adolescent phase starts around 2.6 or 3.5 years of age in male agile gibbons. The growth trend in many morphological parameters including body weight showed a linear increase without a significant growth spurt at approximately the onset of puberty. Head length and first digit length had reached a plateau during the study period. Brachial index, which indicates the relative length of forearm to upper arm, significantly increased gradually through the growth period. This result indicates that forearm becomes relatively longer than the upper arm with growth, which may be an evolutionary adaptation for brachiation.


Subject(s)
Hylobates/growth & development , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis , Sexual Maturation/physiology , Testosterone/blood , Adaptation, Physiological , Animals , Locomotion , Male
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