ABSTRACT
A simple, sensitive and reliable gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method has been developed, optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of 3-chloro-1-propanol (CHP), 1,3-dichloropropane (DCP), 3-chloropropylacetate (CPA) and chloropropyl hydroxypropyl ether (CHE) contents in fudosteine, using chlorobenzene as internal standard. Efficient chromatographic separations were achieved on an Agilent J&W DB-WAXetr, 30 m long with 0.32 mm i.d., 1.0 µm particle diameter column that consists of bonded and cross-linked polyethylene glycol as a stationary phase by passing helium as the carrier gas. The analytes were extracted in dichloromethane and monitored by gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) with selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The performance of the method was assessed by evaluating specificity, precision (repeatability and reproducibility), sensitivity, linearity and accuracy. The limit of detection and limit of quantification established for CHP, DCP, CPA and CHE were in the range of 0.05-0.08 µg mL(-1) and 0.10-0.17 µg mL(-1), respectively. The recoveries for CHP, DCP, CPA and CHE were in the range of 92.0-101.5%. The results proved that the method is suitable for the simultaneous determination of contents of CHP, DCP, CPA and CHE in fudosteine.
Subject(s)
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/methods , Cystine/analogs & derivatives , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Mutagens/analysis , Propanols/analysis , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/standards , Cystine/chemistry , Drug Contamination , Limit of Detection , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
The photocatalytic degradation has been considered to be an efficient process for the degradation of organic pollutants, which are present in the effluents released by industries. The photocatalytic bleaching of cationic dye methylene blue was carried out spectrometrically on irradiation of UV light using Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) complexes of (2E)-2-[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide (HL). The effects of pH and metal ion were studied on the efficiency of the reaction. Cu(II) complex shows better catalytic activity and the highest percentage degradation (~88.8%) of methylene blue was observed at pH 12. A tentative mechanism has also been proposed for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.
Subject(s)
Coloring Agents/chemistry , Coordination Complexes/chemistry , Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods , Methylene Blue/chemistry , Photolysis , Sewage/analysis , Thiosemicarbazones/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry , Adsorption , Catalysis , Cobalt/chemistry , Coordination Complexes/chemical synthesis , Coordination Complexes/radiation effects , Copper/chemistry , Drug Stability , Hydroxyl Radical/chemistry , Ligands , Magnetics , Methylene Blue/radiation effects , Molecular Structure , Nickel/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Temperature , Thiosemicarbazones/radiation effects , Ultraviolet Rays , Water Pollutants, Chemical/radiation effectsABSTRACT
An improved, simple and highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for quantification of febuxostat with 100 µL human plasma using febuxostat-d7 as an internal standard (IS) according to regulatory guidelines. The analyte and IS were extracted from human plasma via liquid-liquid extraction using diethyl ether. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax C18 column using a mixture of acetonitrile and 5 mm ammonium formate (60:40, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The total run time was 5.0 min and the elution of febuxostat and IS occurred at 1.0 and 1.5 min, respectively. A linear response function was established for the range of concentrations 1-6000 ng/mL (r > 0.99). The precursor to product ion transitions monitored for febuxostat and IS were m/z 317.1 â 261.1 and 324.2 â 262.1, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions (%RSD) were within 1.29-9.19 and 2.85-7.69%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies in humans.
