ABSTRACT
Embedding nanoparticles (NPs) in the buffer layer of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ PSCs) excites the surface plasmonic polaritons and enhances the pathlength of the light in the solar cells. On the other hand, embedding NPs in the active layer significantly improves absorption and increases the production of electron-hole (e-h) pairs in BHJ PSCs. Increasing the volume ratio of NPs embedded in BHJ PSCs enables the direct interfacing of the NPs with the active layer, which then serves as a charge recombination center. Therefore, this study integrates the aforementioned phenomena by exploiting the effects of embedding plasmonic Au@Ag NPs in the buffer and active layers of PSC and then determining the optimum volume ratio of Au@Ag NPs. The results show the absorption is increased across the 350-750 nm wavelength region, and the PCE of the device with embedded Au@Ag in two locations is enhanced from 2.50 to 4.24%, which implies a 69.6% improvement in the PCE in comparison to the reference cell. This improvement is contributed by the combined localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects of multi-positional Au@Ag NPs, spiky durian-shaped morphology of Au@Ag NPs, and optimized volume ratio of Au@Ag NPs embedded in the PEDOT: PSS and PTB7:PC71BM layers.
ABSTRACT
The promising adsorbent like graphene oxide (GO), chitosan (CS) and amine functionalized graphene oxide (AGO) decorated chitosan (CS) namely AGO@CS composite beads was efficiently prepared for defluoridation studies. The prepared AGO@CS composite beads possess enriched defluoridation capacity (DC) of 4650 mgF- kg-1. Batch method was used to optimize the maximum DC of AGO@CS composite beads. The physicochemical properties of AGO@CS composite beads were explored by numerous instrumental techniques viz., FTIR, Raman, XPS, SEM and TGA investigation. The experimental values of AGO@CS composite beads for fluoride removal at various temperature conditions were assessed with adsorption isotherms, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. The possible defluoridation mechanism of AGO@CS beads was mostly proposed that electrostatic attraction. The reusability and field investigation results of AGO@CS beads shows they are regenerable and applicable at field circumstances.
Subject(s)
Amines/chemistry , Chitosan/chemical synthesis , Fluorides/isolation & purification , Graphite/chemical synthesis , Microspheres , Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification , Water/chemistry , Adsorption , Chitosan/chemistry , Graphite/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Ions , Kinetics , Photoelectron Spectroscopy , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Temperature , Thermogravimetry , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Antibiotics can accumulate through food metabolism in the human body which may have a significant effect on human safety and health. It is therefore highly beneficial to establish easy and sensitive approaches for rapid assessment of antibiotic amounts. In the development of next-generation biosensors, nanomaterials (NMs) with outstanding thermal, mechanical, optical, and electrical properties have been identified as one of the most hopeful materials for opening new gates. This study discusses the latest developments in the identification of antibiotics by nanomaterial-constructed biosensors. The construction of biosensors for electrochemical signal-transducing mechanisms has been utilized in various types of nanomaterials, including quantum dots (QDs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), metal nanomaterials, and carbon nanomaterials. To provide an outline for future study directions, the existing problems and future opportunities in this area are also included. The current review, therefore, summarizes an in-depth assessment of the nanostructured electrochemical sensing method for residues of antibiotics in different systems.
