ABSTRACT
An upgraded x-ray spectroscopy diagnostic is used to measure the distribution of fast electrons in MST and to determine Z(eff) and the particle diffusion coefficient D(r). A radial array of 12 CdZnTe hard-x-ray detectors measures 10-150 keV Bremsstrahlung from fast electrons, a signature of reduced stochasticity and improved confinement in the plasma. A new Si soft-x-ray detector measures 2-10 keV Bremsstrahlung from thermal and fast electrons. The shaped output pulses from both detector types are digitized and the resulting waveforms are fit with Gaussians to resolve pileup and provide good time and energy resolution. Lead apertures prevent detector saturation and provide a well-known etendue, while lead shielding prevents pickup from stray x-rays. New Be vacuum windows transmit >2 keV x-rays, and additional Al and Be filters are sometimes used to reduce low energy flux for better resolution at higher energies. Measured spectra are compared to those predicted by the Fokker-Planck code CQL3D to deduce Z(eff) and D(r).
ABSTRACT
Actively proliferating Amoebae were kept in the interphase part of the cell cycle for prolonged periods by restricting the food supply. When the cells were returned to normal food supply, the clones failed to grow exponentially. The clones in this period of growth phase were in an 'alternative state' as opposed to their normal state of active proliferation. Nuclear RNA and DNA synthesis of cells in this alternative state was studied. Nuclei from cells in this alternative state were implanted into normal cells to study the effects on the synthesizing activities of the host cells. The results showed that there was a marked reduction in DNA and RNA synthesis in the host nucleus in the binucleated cells.
