Effect of Different Pre-Growth Temperatures on the Survival Kinetics of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Fresh-Cut Salad during Refrigerated Storage.

The effect of the pre-growth temperature of bacterial cultures on their subsequent survival kinetics in fresh-cut produce during refrigerated storage was investigated in this study. Three-strain cocktails of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica, cultured at different growth temperatures (4, 21, and 37 °C) were inoculated on fresh-cut mixed salad and on individual produce in the mixed salad. The inoculated samples were stored at 4 °C and 80 ± 2% relative humidity (RH) for up to 72 h and the growth, survival, or death kinetics were determined at regular intervals. The results indicate that depending upon the type of pathogen tested, the pre-growth temperature(s) and the type of produce showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on the survival kinetics. Among the tested produce, mixed salad showed the highest reduction in L. monocytogenes pre-grown at 37 °C (1.33 log CFU/g) followed by red cabbage (0.56 log CFU/g), iceberg lettuce (0.52 log CFU/g), and carrot (-0.62 log CFU/g), after 72 h, respectively. In the case of Salmonella, carrot showed the highest reduction (1.07 log CFU/g for 37 °C pre-grown culture) followed by mixed salad (0.78 log CFU/g for 37 °C pre-grown culture), cabbage (0.76 log CFU/g for 21 °C pre-grown culture), and lettuce (0.65 log CFU/g for 4 °C pre-grown culture), respectively. Among the tested ComBase predictive models, the Baranyi-Roberts model better fitted the experimental data. These findings indicate that the appropriate selection of pre-growth environmental conditions is critical to better understand the kinetics of foodborne pathogens.

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-16-year-old Children in Industrial Town of Solan District of Himachal Pradesh.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in 8- to 16-year-old children from town (Baddi) of Himachal Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2000 children from various schools of Baddi. Molar-incisor hypomineralization was diagnosed on the basis of EAPD 2003 criteria revised in 2009. RESULTS: Prevalence of MIH found was to be 2.9%. Demarcated opacities were predominant among all the defects. Postnatal illnesses were highly associated with MIH. The prevalence of dental caries reported in MIH patients was 82.7%. CONCLUSION: Postnatal illnesses are significantly associated with MIH. Molar-incisor hypomineralization predisposes the tooth to dental caries. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Thakur H, Kaur A, Singh R, et al. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-16-year-old Children in Industrial Town of Solan District of Himachal Pradesh. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):230-234.

Management of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta: A Report of Two Cases.

Dentinogenesis imperfect is a hereditary dentin defect leading to discoloration as well as early tooth wear. Timely diagnosis and treatment are required to prevent further tooth loss. Two patients reported to the department of pediatrics dentistry with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI). In the first case, patient complained of discoloration of both primary and permanent teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth. In the second case report, patient reported with mobile anterior tooth and missing teeth due to extraction of mobile teeth. Extraction was followed by space maintainers in the first case, and extraction was followed by partial denture in the second case. Both the patients and their parents were happy with the treatment provided. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kaur A, Kumar S, Karda B, et al. Management of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta: A Report of Two Cases. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(5):464-466.

Barriers of dental care utilization for children living in military and civilian areas.

AIM: We planned our study to assess whether easy access to dental care facilities result in improved oral health and increased utilization of dental services by children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred child-parent pairs, 200 each from the military and civilian areas, were randomly selected (children aged 5 years). Prior to the clinical examination of their wards, parents were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their sociodemographic details, family structure, dental care utilization, and attitudinal variables toward oral health. Dental caries prevalence and treatment needs were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (1997). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Students' t-test and chi-square test were used to assess the significance of difference between the two groups. Multivariate regression analysis was performed for all covariates associated with the child's dental attendance pattern. RESULTS: The percentage prevalence of children affected by dental caries was observed to be statistically higher in the civilian area. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score was 2.35 ± 2.92 and 3.26 ± 3.35 in the military and civilian areas, respectively (t stat = 2.78, P = 0.002). The percentage of teeth requiring treatment was observed to be 22.5% and 27.6% in the military and civilian areas, respectively (χ2 = 16.77, P < 0.0001). Covariates significantly associated with increased child's dental attendance were identified as: High level of the mother's education, regularity of dental visits by the parents, the child's increased brushing frequency, and past caries experience. CONCLUSION: Despite the adequate availability of dental facilities in military areas, untreated dental problems are prevalent. Our finding confirms that dental care utilization is not solely access-related, and other barriers need to be investigated.

An epidemiological study to determine the prevalence and risk assessment of gingivitis in 5-, 12- and 15-year-old children of rural and urban area of Panchkula (Haryana).

OBJECTIVE: The aim and objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and severity of gingivitis and evaluate the factors associated with gingivitis in children residing in rural and urban areas of Panchkula. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was carried out on a sample of 1269 school children, aged 5, 12 and 15 years, randomly selected from the rural and the urban schools of Panchkula and gingival index was recorded as devised by Loe and Silness (1963) to assess the severity of gingivitis. A standardized questionnaire was self prepared, which was filled by the examiner prior to the clinical examination. The data were subjected to SPSS, version 13, and statistically analyzed using Chi test, F test, ANOVA test. RESULTS: In the age group of 5 years, the children affected with gingivitis in the rural and the urban areas were 67 and 33%, respectively, which was statistically highly significant (P = 0.0001). In the age group of 12 years, the children affected with gingivitis in the rural and the urban areas were 94 and 92%, respectively (P = 0.537), whereas in 15-year olds, the children affected with gingivitis in the rural and the urban areas were 98 and 64%, respectively (P = 0.0001). The children who brushed once a day had higher prevalence of gingivitis as compared to children who brushed more than once per day in all the age groups. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the percentage of children affected with gingivitis was significantly higher in the rural areas in 5- and 15-year-old children, but this trend was not seen in 12-year age group, reflecting the lack of awareness in rural areas.

Agenesis of permanent mandibular anterior teeth: a case report.

Tooth agenesis is one of the common congenital anomalies seen in humans. Hypodontia is the congenital absence of 1 or a few teeth only, with a prevalence of approximately 2% to 10% in the permanent dentition. The number of patients exhibiting congenitally missing mandibular incisors is low, with a prevalence rate of less than 1% observed. The purpose of this paper was to report a case of congenitally missing permanent mandibular incisors and canines in a 10-year-old girl.

An evaluation of the Cariogram as a predictor model.

As dentistry moves towards earlier detection of lesions and a more preventive rather than restorative approach, it is essential to improve the predictive values of new screening and diagnostic methods. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the Cariogram in predicting the occurrence of caries in first permanent molars. Thirty children aged 8 years were included who were divided in two groups depending on presence of carious or non carious first permanent molars. Their Cariograms were plotted and the likelihood of caries as indicated by the Cariogram was compared to the actual occurrence of caries in first permanent molars. Results revealed that the Cariogram had a diagnostic accuracy of 63.33% thus emphasising the need for better prediction models.