The role of micronucleus scoring in cervical papanicolaou smears: A 1-year study.

Aims and Objectives: To compare the micronucleus (MN) score in all the major diagnostic categories as per "The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology" 2014 including negative for intraepithelial lesions and malignancy (NILM), inflammatory, abnormal squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), abnormal squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (ASC-H), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), HSIL, and invasive carcinoma (IC) and to assess the role of MN scoring as a biomarker for predicting risk of carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A total of 1000 conventional cervical smears stained with Papanicolaou (Pap) stain, comprising unsatisfactory for evaluation (86), NILM (140), inflammatory (696), ASC-US (23), ASC-H (16), LSIL (18), HSIL (15), and IC (6) were studied independently by two pathologists, and the number of MN cells per 1000 epithelial cells in high-power (×400) and oil immersion (×1000) was counted and expressed as MN score per 1000 cells. Results: The mean MN score ± standard deviation was found to be 0.99 ± 0.744 in NILM cases, 0.67 ± 0.782 in inflammatory cases, 1.57 ± 0.507 in ASC-US cases, 1.63 ± 0.50 in ASC-H cases, 1.56 ± 0.511 in LSIL cases, 2.47 ± 0.516 in HSIL cases, and 3.0 ± 0.00 in IC cases. A step-wise increase was observed in MN score from inflammatory to IC categories. Conclusions: MN score is a reliable and easy test that can be used in conjunction with routine cervical PAP to assess the risk of malignant transformation in the uterine cervix as a biomarker for predicting the risk of carcinoma.

Résumé Objectifs et objectifs: comparer le score du micronucléus (MN) dans toutes les principales catégories de diagnostic selon "le système Bethesda pour signaler la cytologie cervicale" 2014, y compris négatif pour les lésions intraépithéliales et la malignité (Nilm), inflammatoire et anormal des cellules squameuses de signification indéterminées (Nilm), inflammatoire et anormale des cellules squameuses de signification indéterminées (Nilm), inflammatoire et anormale des cellules pure ASC - US), les cellules squameuses anormales ne peuvent pas exclure la lésion intraépithéliale épidermoïde de haute qualité (HSIL) (ASC - H), la lésion intraépithéliale squameuse à faible teneur (LSIL), le carcinome invasif (IC) et pour évaluer le rôle de MN La notation en tant que biomarqueur pour prédire le risque de carcinome. Matériaux et méthodes: un total de 1000 frottis cervicaux conventionnels colorés avec une tache de papanicolaou (PAP), comprenant insatisfaisant l'évaluation (86), nilm (140), inflammatoire (696), ASC - US (23), ASC - H (16), LSIL (18), HSIL (15) et IC (6) ont été étudiés indépendamment par deux pathologistes, et le nombre de cellules Mn pour 1000 cellules épithéliales dans la puissance (× 400) et l'immersion à l'huile (× 1000) ont été comptées et exprimé en score MN par 1000 cellules. Résultats: Le score MN moyen ± l'écart type s'est révélé être de 0,99 ± 0,744 dans des cas nilms, 0,67 ± 0,782 dans des cas inflammatoires, 1,57 ± 0,507 dans les cas ASC - US, 1,63 ± 0,50 dans les cas ASC - H, 1,56 ± 0,511 dans LSIL cas, 2,47 ± 0,516 dans les cas HSIL et 3,0 ± 0,00 dans les cas IC. Une augmentation de pas de pas a été observée dans le score MN des catégories inflammatoires vers IC. Conclusions: Le score MN est un test fiable et facile qui peut être utilisé en conjonction avec le PAP cervical de routine pour évaluer le risque de transformation maligne dans le col utérine en tant que biomarqueur pour prédire le risque de carcinome. Mots-clés: Frottis cervical, micronucleus, dépistage.

Association between Microrna 146a and Microrna 196a2 Genes Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk in North Indian Women

Background: Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules. They can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in the pre-miRNA region could affect the processing of miRNA and thus alter mature miRNA expression. The studies done so far had shown conflicting results regarding association of two common polymorphisms i.e.hsa-miR-146 rs2910164 and hsa-miR-196a2 rs11614913 with breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: In the study, we examined the hsa-miR-146 rs2910164 and hsa-miR-196a2 rs11614913 SNP association with breast cancer patients in north Indian women. Materials and Methods: This study included 100 breast cancer patients and 100 controls and was done over a period of two years. Genotypes of the hsa-miR-146 (rs2910164 G>C) and hsa-miR-196a2 (rs11614913 C>T) were identified by polymerase chain reaction ­ restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique in peripheral blood DNA samples. Statistical analysis: We assessed the strength of association of miRNA polymorphisms with breast cancer using Odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Heterozygous genotypes of hsa-miR-196a2 rs11614913 and combined hsa-miR-146 rs2910164 & hsa-miR-196a2 polymorphism were associated with significantly increased risk of breast cancer (OR-1.7, 95% CI­1.00-3.18) and (OR-1.9, 95% CI-0.85-4.46) respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggests that rs2910164 GC and rs11614913 CT genotypes may contribute to breast cancer susceptibility in north Indian women.

Patterns of Cancer: A Study of 500 Punjabi Patients.

The State of Punjab has been in focus because of aperceived increasing rate of cancer. Both print and electronic media have created an impression that Punjab, especially the cotton belt of Malwa Region, has become a high incidence cancer region. Actually the increased number of cancer patients might be at least partly because of increasing population and heightened health awareness and reporting. The purpose of this study is to find out the pattern of cancer amongst patients registered in Mukh Mantri Punjab Cancer Rahat Kosh Scheme (MMPCRKS), under cancer registry at Rajindra Hospital Patiala from the various districts of Punjab. The study covers 500 cancer patients registered under MMPCRKS at Rajindra Hospital Patiala, for free cancer treatment. Information regarding age, gender, religion, method of diagnosis and affected sites was obtained. Results were analyzed statistically. Of the 500 patients, 65% were females and 35% were males. The most affected female age groups were 50-54 and 60-64; while males in the age groups of 65-69 and 60-64 had the highest risk. The leading cancers in females were breast followed by cervix and ovary where as in males they were were colon followed by esophagus and tongue. The commonest histological type was adenocarcinoma followed by squamous cell carcinoma. The increasing trend of cancer in Punjab is alarming. Since this study is a preliminary investigation, it could provide a leading role in prevention, treatment and future planning regarding cancer in Punjab.