[Aging, age-related diseases, and certain risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in subjects of advanced and senile age].

The aim of the work was to study sex-specific differences between certain risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and hemodynamic parameters in elderly subjects and their relation to age-specific diseases and genealogic history of longevity. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, fibrinogen, uric acid, urea, creatinine levels in plasma and arterial pressure (AP) were measured. Hemodynamic parameters were calculated by the formulas for the stroke volume, cardiac output, myocardial contractility, pulse pressure, total peripheral resistance (TPR), endurance factor of cardiac activity, and Kerdo index. Each new decade of life was characterized by peculiar hemodynamic patterns. Pulse AP (PAP) and TPR increased with age and was associated with sex-related metabolic changes. Elderly men presented with hypocholesterolemia and anemia. Total cholesterol, fibrinogen, and glucose levels did not correlate with age. To conclude, elevated PAP, TPR, and left ventricular hypertrophy are risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in old subjects. Combination of several risk factors in young and middle-age subjects reduces prognostic value of the longevity factor in the familial history. Aging is accompanied by the development of gender-related differences in metabolic parameters.

[Longevity: 1. Social, clinical and some metabolic aspects].

We haven't found or identified individual risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (smoking, drinking habit) and a later accession of other risk factors (arterial hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, anemia, hyperfibrinogenemia) in nonagenarians with different age-related diseases. This age group was characterized by comorbidity, delayed onset of the disease with fewer complications and some features of metabolism as compared to other age groups. These results enable us to consider longevity as possible model of successful aging.

[Comparative study of the features of protein composition of human aorta tunica media]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie osobennostei belkovogo sostava srednei obolochki aorty cheloveka.

A preliminary two-dimensional map of human aorta tunica media proteins comprising 280 polypeptide fractions has been constructed. Individual protein fractions were characterized in terms of molecular masses and relative electrophoretic mobility; the resulting values were stored in the "protein" data base. Using co-electrophoresis, the positions of certain tunica media proteins (light chains, myosin, tropomyosin, actin, albumin) was determined. The two-dimensional map was used to compare tunica media proteins with their human cardiac muscle counterparts.

Proteins of human chorionic villi tissue: construction of a protein map based upon fractionation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Proteins of human chorionic villi from the first trimester of pregnancy were studied by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. One hundred and ninety-eight proteins spots were identifiable and allowed the plotting of a two-dimensional map of the proteins of human chorionic villi from the eighth week of pregnancy. The proteins of human chorionic villi from the twelfth week of gestation and of villi from term placenta were also studied. A comparison of protein compositions at different gestational ages was made. The findings from two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of villi proteins have been summarized and stored in a computer data base.

[Clinical polymorphism in amenorrhea of chromosomal and nonchromosomal etiologies]. / Izuchenie klinicheskogo polimorfizma amenorei khromosomnoi i nekhromosomnoi étiologii.

In search of the basis of distinguishing amenorrhea, due to chromosomal mosaicism and other causes, 179 females affected by primary or secondary amenorrhea were examined, 83 of them being 45,X/46,XX mosaics. 119 traits characterizing the morphological status of the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems, as well as skin, hair and nails were scored. By means of statistical approaches, a group of 21 traits were specified, which makes it possible to diagnose the amenorrhea of chromosomal origin. Statistically significant association between the clinical manifestations and the rate of mosaicism was shown.

[In vitro movement of human embryonic fibroblasts with normal and anomalous sets of chromosomes]. / Dvizhenie in vitro émbrional'nykh fibroblastov cheloveka s normal'nymi i anomal'nymi naborami khromosom.

Migration of diploid postnatal and embryonic diploid and aneuploid cells was studied using a modified method of investigation of leukocyte migration under agarose. The method permits to study migration of fibroblasts and other proliferating cells. Embryonic fibroblasts were shown to move faster, than postnatal fibroblasts. Cells with trisomy 7, 9 and C, and triploid cells were found to move slower than diploid cells. Locomotor disturbances are supposed to be the basis of impairment of morphogenesis in chromosomal anomalies in man.

[The lack of ability of carcinogens and non-carcinogenic analogs to induce sex-linked recessive lethals in Drosophila melanogaster]. / Otsutstvie sposobnosti kantserogenov i nekartsenogennykh analogov vyzyvat' stseplennye s polom retsessivnye letali u Drosophila melanogaster.

The mutagenic activity of two known carcinogens (benzo(a) pyrene and 2-acetylaminofluorene) and that of two structurally closely related but not carcinogenic compounds (pyrene and 4-acetylaminofluorene) was examined by the Muller-5 test for sex-linked recessive lethals (SRL). The chemicals tested were applied to the food medium for larvae of Canton-S Drosophila melanogaster. No statistically significant differences in frequencies of induced SRL were found either within pairs of chemicals or between treated and untreated animals.

[Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: evaluation of the correlations between individual traits as an approach to the study of heterogeneity]. / Sindrom Smita-Lemli-Opittsa: otsenka korreliatsii mezhdu otdel'nymi priznakami kak podkhod k izucheniiu geterogennosti.

A computer analysis was used to study heterogeneity of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) with or without certain anomalies and to determine intrafamilial phenotypical variability. The analysis of 83 SLOS cases showed significant differences in average values of intragroup similarity, estimated for the cases with cleft palate and without it and those with or without polydactyly. The degree of intragroup similarity in familial cases appeared to be twice as high as in sporadic ones. These data confirm the hypothesis on genetic heterogeneity of SLOS with some allelic forms.

[Genetics of partial trisomies. I. Trisomy 2q]. / Genetika chastichnykh trisomii. Soobshchenie I. Trisomiia 2q.

The family, where 2 children had partial trisomy 2q33-q ter, due to paternal translocation t(2;18) (q33;p11.1), was examined. The analysis of 36 cases of trisomy 2q showed that the forms connected with parental chromosomal rearrangement prevailed in the genesis of trisomy 2q. Moreover, the balanced carrier-mothers were more common than fathers. The 2q34-q ter segment may be considered "critical" for occurrence of trisomy 2q syndrome. In case of equal triplication, the similarity between the patients within the same family is greater than between those from different families. The value of intragroup similarity between the patients with equal trisomies may be used for evaluation of phenotypical similarity at different triplicated segments.

[Teratogenic effect of thiophosphamide on mice of different genotypes]. / Teratogennoe deistvie tiofosfamida na myshei raznykh genotipov.

It has been shown that 101/H mice differ from CBA mice by a higher sensitivity to the teratogenic action of the alkylating agent thiophosphamide.

[Definition of the concept of "field of gene activity]. / K opredeleniiu poniatiia "pole deistviia gena".

The field of gene activity was studied in combinations of homoeotic mutations Ns and ssa with nonhomoeotic mutation sn, as well as with homoeotic mutation pb with nonhomoeotic mutations al, th, fj, d and homoeotic mutation ssa at different temperatures. On the basis of the obtained data the notion "field of gene activity" is suggested to be defined as a totality of cells of a definite determination, specific for manifestation of activity of the given gene to which a definite phenotype of definitive structures corresponds. A series of consequences following from the given notion and its connection with the idea of pleiotropy are considered.

[Effect of temperature on homoeotic mutation expression in Drosophila. I. Homoeotic transformation in Proboscipedia mutants]. / Vliianie temperatury na proiavlenie gomeozisnykh mutatsii u drozofily. Soobshchenie I. Gomeozisnaia transformatsiia u mutantov proboscipedia

It is generally adopted that the homoeotic gene proboscipedia causes the transformation of the distal parts of proboscis into corresponding tarsal or antennal (aristal) segments. It is shown that actually the homoeotic effect of the mutation proboscipedia consists in the transformation of the oral lobes of proboscis into a whole prothoracic leg. Sometimes the distal parts of the homoeotic leg (segments of tarsus, claws) can coexist with or be substituted for by the aristal filaments. The transformation of oral lobes of proboscic into the leg is most conspicuous at 29 degrees C, while at 16 degrees C the substitution of tarsal structures by aristal ones is observed more frequently. The homology between the corresponding elements of the proboscis, legs and antenna (as revealed by the pattern of homoeosis) is discussed.