ABSTRACT
We examined the relationship between memory impairment and functional disability in multiple sclerosis. Tests of memory, sensorimotor ability, and functional capacity were administered to fifty-six subjects with chronic-progressive or remitting-relapsing MS. Sensorimotor impairment, functional disability, and chronicity predicted impairment on various measures of memory acquisition, while age and type of diagnosis did not. After accounting for the effects of initial acquisition, delayed-recall performance was weakly-associated with disability. We suggest that: (1) Functional disability is associated with memory loss in MS; (2) MS-forgetting is caused by defective acquisition, rather by a deficit in consolidation or storage; (3) Level of disease activity, rather than type of MS diagnosis, determines the degree of memory impairment; and (4) MS disability needs to be evaluated multidimensionally, to account for both neurologic and functional impairment.
Subject(s)
Memory Disorders/etiology , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Activities of Daily Living , Adult , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Learning , Male , Memory Disorders/diagnosis , Memory Disorders/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology , Psychological Tests , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
A cognitive-behavioral treatment program for aggressive children was assessed using 12 outcome measures classified into five categories which reflected a continuum of generalization of treatment effects. From a summer daycamp 41 children, ages 7 through 12, were selected based on aggressive behavior displayed during the first week of camp. They were randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a non-treatment control group. Treatment consisted of four weeks of coping-skills training using behavioral rehearsal and self-instruction training. Considering all 12 measures, treatment was found effective (F = 2.90, p less than .01). The most meaningful results included improved interpersonal problem-solving skills and a decrease in being disciplined for fighting. No changes were found, however, in physical or verbal aggression and in peer rating of aggression. Modest support for the effectiveness of these treatment procedures was identified, although caution is needed in considering their clinical utility. Further research and application appear justified.
Subject(s)
Aggression , Behavior Therapy/methods , Child Behavior Disorders/therapy , Cognition , Generalization, Psychological , Adaptation, Psychological , Aggression/psychology , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Residential TreatmentSubject(s)
Child Development , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Male , Psychological TestsABSTRACT
This article describes the development of a nontraditional aftercare program set in a predominantly rural area. The program was initiated by a citizen's board concerned with the lack of follow-up services provided to patients discharged from a distant state hospital. The planning format as conceived by representatives of this board is outlined and the steps involved in operationalizing specific services and a research program are described. Lastly, a number of limitations of the program and future directions are enumerated.
