ABSTRACT
Through greater understanding of past social, cultural, economic, political, scientific and technological forces which shaped our current health systems to separate mothers and newborn infants, we can begin to devise effective approaches to reshape these systems to meet the needs of mothers and newborn infants today. Medical science and technology have evolved vastly in the last century; however, effects of historical factors persist in our current health care systems, reflected in separate maternal and neonatal care in different departments with distinct guidelines, providers, and treatment locations. This separation prevents maternal-infant skin-to-skin contact and bonding, which significantly affects infant development, well-being, and that of their caregivers. We explore historical precedents for the separation of maternal-newborn care, including the transition from midwifery home care to hospital obstetric care, reasons for the increase in hospital births and hospital nursery development, and the effects of world wars, federal acts, health insurance, rooming-in practices, and the development of medical advances such as antibiotics, on hospital infrastructure. This information is evaluated in the context of modern scientific advancements to show that the conditions which shaped health systems to separate mothers and newborns in the past no longer hold. The insights gained will help to identify strategic actions to reshape health care systems to enable more integrated maternal-newborn care and the practice of Kangaroo Mother Care, and to improve survival outcomes and well-being for mothers, families, and their newborn infants.
Subject(s)
Infant, Premature , Kangaroo-Mother Care Method , Infant , Female , Pregnancy , Child , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Mothers , Hospitals , Delivery of Health CareABSTRACT
Correction for 'One pot ligand exchange method for a highly stable Au-SBA-15 catalyst and its room temperature CO oxidation' by Yogita Soni et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06887a.
ABSTRACT
A modified deposition precipitation (DP) method has been developed to address a fundamental issue of supporting well dispersed Au nanoparticles on silica. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) plays an important role in in situ modifying the gold precursor (HAuCl4·3H2O) solution allowing facile deposition of gold NPs in the channels of SBA-15. The Au-SBA-15 catalyst (2.8 wt%) synthesized by this procedure showed 100% conversion for CO oxidation at room temperature with excellent stability at room temperature and high temperature.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative incidence of Chiari I malformations in children with cystinosis compared with those in the general population. STUDY DESIGN: Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on 53 patients with nephropathic cystinosis and 120 controls, age range 3-18 years. RESULTS: Ten of 53 (18.9%) patients with cystinosis had Chiari I or tonsillar ectopia, and only 2 of 120 controls (1.6%) had a similar finding. At least 2 of the patients had symptoms or signs thought to be related to the malformation, and one had surgical decompression. Two had an associated cervical syrinx. CONCLUSIONS: Children with cystinosis have a 12-fold higher prevalence of Chiari I malformations than the general pediatric population. Chiari I malformations should be high on the differential diagnosis when individuals with cystinosis develop neurologic signs and symptoms, and magnetic resonance imaging scans should be performed on children with cystinosis who present with new-onset headache, ataxia, incontinence, or other unexplained neurologic symptoms.
