ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Whereas nutrition deficits are recognized as an expression of systemic inflammation in the elderly with diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), if they occur in symptomatic elderly smokers, unfulfilled COPD criteria are not confirmed. METHODS: Respiratory function, anthropometry assessment, and diet intake evaluation of 13 COPD patients (COPD group), ten symptomatic elderly smokers (SYSM group), and 27 healthy volunteers (control group) were compared. All were 70 years old or older. RESULTS: The SYSM group had lower body weight, body mass index, percentage ideal body weight, body fat percentage, arm muscle circumference, tricep skin fold thickness, serum albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin than the control group and were similar to the COPD group (P < 0.05 each and nonsignificant each). Resting energy expenditure was no different among the groups. Intake of energy, vitamins (A, B1, B2, and C), calcium, iron, fiber, and sodium was also lower in the SYSM group than in the control group (P < 0.05 all) and was similar to the COPD group. CONCLUSION: Elderly smokers who are symptomatic but who do not fulfill the COPD diagnostic criteria have nutritional deficits related to insufficient energy intake that are similar to those seen in COPD patients.
Subject(s)
Lung/physiopathology , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Nutritional Status , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Smoking/adverse effects , Adiposity , Age Factors , Aged , Biomarkers/blood , Body Mass Index , Calorimetry, Indirect , Case-Control Studies , Energy Metabolism , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Japan , Male , Malnutrition/blood , Malnutrition/etiology , Malnutrition/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/blood , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Skinfold Thickness , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
In recent years, the diet of the young Japanese has changed to westernized diet with high fat content. Childhood-onset type 1 diabetic patients have had good diet training since onset of the disease, but adolescence-onset type 1 diabetic patients have already established westernized diet habit at onset of the disease, which may not be easily improved. We hypothesized that a difference of the age at onset of the disease may affect nutritional status and plasma lipid levels in Japanese type 1 diabetic patients. Plasma lipid levels and nutritional intake were compared between childhood- and adolescence-onset young type 1 diabetic patients. Our research involved 9 childhood-onset type 1 diabetic patients (childhood group), 11 adolescence-onset type 1 diabetic patients (adolescent group), and 24 age-matched non-diabetic control subjects. There were no significant differences in age and body mass index (BMI), daily energy intake among the childhood group, the adolescent group, and the non-diabetic control group. There was no significant difference in HbA1c level between the childhood group and the adolescent group. The adolescent group had significantly higher plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol than the childhood group (p<0.01, <0.05, and <0.001, respectively) or the control group (p<0.001, <0.001, and <00.001, respectively). The adolescent group had significantly lower plasma level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol than the childhood group (p<0.05). The adolescent group had significantly higher percentage energy intake from fat (31.7%, p<0.001), higher saturated fatty acids intake (19.0g/day, p<0.01), and higher cholesterol intake (428mg/day, p<0.05), and significantly lower polyunsaturated fatty acids intake (13.4g/day, p<0.05) and lower fiber intake (9.5g/day, p<0.01) than the childhood group. It is concluded that young Japanese type 1 diabetic patients with onset of adolescence have lipid abnormalities, which may be mainly caused by westernized dietary habits.
