ABSTRACT
Onychomatricoma is a rare, fibroepithelial tumor of the nail. Although it is benign, unnecessary and excessive treatment, such as extensive or total removal of the nail matrix, has been reported in the past. Recently, it was speculated that onychomatricoma is derived from onychomatricodermis, the dermal stroma of the nail matrix. Excision of the stromal rather than the epithelial component of the tumor is important. However, since the boundary between the normal and diseased stroma is usually unclear, minimal excision at the base of the tumor projection should be sufficient. We report a case of onychomatricoma and suggest a method of surgical treatment that would minimize postoperative deformity of the nail plate.
Subject(s)
Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Nail Diseases , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Nail Diseases/surgery , Nail Diseases/pathology , Nail Diseases/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods , Female , Male , Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial/surgery , Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial/pathology , Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial/diagnosis , Nails/surgery , Nails/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hypermagnesemia can be a fatal condition and should be diagnosed early on. Most reports of hypermagnesemia have been of adults with impaired renal function. We describe the case of a pediatric patient without renal dysfunction who developed severe hypermagnesemia. CASE PRESENTATION: A healthy 20-month-old Asian girl presented to our emergency department with episodes of vomiting and a reduced level of consciousness. The neurological examination showed a symmetric decrease in muscle tone, and the deep tendon reflexes were decreased. On admission, her magnesium (Mg) level was 11.0 mg/dL after receiving magnesium oxide for 4 days because of constipation. She was immediately administered calcium gluconate infusion (3.9 mEq), and then was continuously infused with it (0.23 mEq/h) as a Mg antagonist to cardiac side effects. She was kept hydrated with 0.9% sodium chloride to maintain good urine output to excrete the Mg. The level of the serum Mg decreased to 2.4 mg/dL, enabling her to regain consciousness. During 5 years of follow-up, she was neurologically well, without the recurrence of hypermagnesemia. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the absence of significant renal dysfunction, the prescription of a laxative containing Mg for constipation can result in severe hypermagnesemia. In addition, the symptoms of hypermagnesemia are nonspecific, and early diagnosis is difficult unless it is actively suspected.
