Additive Manufacturing and Printing Approaches for the Development of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms with Improved Biopharmaceutical Attributes.

The pharmaceutical industry is moving towards the future and is witnessing innovation in drug development through the introduction of personalized medicine technologies. Instead of adapting the dose thata patient needs, they were adapted to the manufacturer's dose. Nowpatient-specific or customized dosing methods and dosing combinations have superior persistence to the standard mass-produced drugs. Printing technology has gained interest during the last few years to manufacture personalized dosage forms. For manufacturing personalized drug products, three-dimensional printing (3DP) has expanded to the pharmaceutical industry. With the approval of the first 3DP product, an unprecedented opportunity for discovering new compounds and technologies has arisen. This article has re-evaluated various printing technology and theirutilization in personalized medicines. Further, we also discussed its history, advantages, challenges and differenttypes of printing technologies with advantages and limitations, particularly in the area of pharmaceutical research.

Improved cardioprotective effects of hesperidin solid lipid nanoparticles prepared by supercritical antisolvent technology.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is commonly used for the treatment of many types of cancers but its cardiotoxicity, owing to free radical formation, limits its clinical use. Hesperidin (HES), a flavanone glycoside, has been shown to exert multiple pharmacological actions including cardioprotective effects. Herein, we aim to formulate HES loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technology to improve the oral delivery of HES. Process parameters were optimized to produce small size (175.3 ±â€¯3.6 nm) HES-SLNs with high encapsulation efficiency (87.6 ±â€¯3.8 %). DSC and XRD showed that HES is amorphously dispersed in SLNs. Compared to HES, HES-SLNs resulted in a nearly 20-fold increase in aqueous solubility and a nearly 5-fold increase in apparent permeability. Pharmacokinetics in rats revealed nearly 4.5-fold higher bioavailability of HES from SLN formulation compared to HES suspension. Data showed that HES-SLN significantly attenuated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through lowering creatine kinase-muscle/brain, cardiac troponin I and improving histopathological scores as compared to the DOX group. HES-SLN also decreased malondialdehyde, increased catalase and superoxide dismutase of rats' heart to levels relatively comparable to control. Marked reductions in caspase-3 were also observed following HES-SLN treatment. Conclusively, these results describe a cardioprotective effect for HES-SLN against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity likely facilitated via suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis.