A controversial issue in adolescents: Is the effect of digital games on creative personality traits positive or negative?

AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of digital games on the creativity of adolescents. METHODS: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study using simple random sampling following the STROBE checklist. It was conducted with 384 adolescents between January and June 2022. Data were collected using the Digital Game Addiction Scale for Children and the Creative Personality Traits Scale. RESULTS: The adolescents were at risk for digital game addiction and had moderate creativity levels. The adolescents who had a male sex, had mothers who received primary education, started playing digital games before the age of 6 years, were using the internet for >5 h a day, had no activity other than playing digital games, and preferred action, adventure, and fighting games had higher digital game addiction levels than the other adolescents. In addition, the male adolescents had higher creativity levels than the female adolescents. There was a significant negative relationship between digital game addiction and creative personality traits among the adolescents. Digital game addiction had a negative effect on creativity. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents are at risk for digital game addiction and have moderate creativity levels. Digital game addiction negatively affects the development of creative personality traits. Interventions should be planned to prevent digital game addiction among adolescents, and adolescents should be guided to increase awareness of the effects of digital games on their creativity.

A Bibliometric Analysis of the 36-Year History of Cancer Nursing (1987-2023).

BACKGROUND: Bibliometric analysis is an effective method for evaluating the publication characteristics and development of a journal. To our knowledge, this study is the first such analysis of the publications in Cancer Nursing. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the publication characteristics and evolution of Cancer Nursing over a period of 36 years since its inception. METHODS: Bibliometric analysis was carried out on 3095 publications. Data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database on September 15, 2023. Data analysis was conducted with Web of Science Core Collection, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix package in R software. RESULTS: The results showed a steady increase in the citation and publication structure of Cancer Nursing. "Quality of life" was at the center of the studies, and "quality of life," "women," and "breast cancer" were identified as trend topics. The United States was both at the center of the cooperation network and was the country that contributed the most publications to the journal. CONCLUSION: Cancer Nursing has had an increasing contribution to and impact on cancer nursing in terms of the quality and citations of published articles. It was noted that the journal's network of collaboration has expanded globally and that its thematic diversity is high. Although quality of life, women, and breast cancer have been reported extensively, more studies addressing the concepts of "children," "support," and "needs" are needed in the journal. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study not only enriches global readers in the field of cancer nursing but may also be beneficial in providing input to guide future research.

The relationships of parents' mental well-being and sociodemographic characteristics with digital parenting awareness: Structural equation model analysis.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explain the relationships between parents' mental well-being and sociodemographic characteristics with digital parenting awareness. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study used structural equation modeling. It was conducted between January and May 2023 in a province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey with 262 parents with children aged 5-11 years. Research data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Digital Parental Awareness Scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. RESULTS: Parents' mental well-being and digital parenting awareness were significantly associated with the sub-dimensions of being a negative model (ß = -0.313), digital negligence (ß = -0.187), efficient use (ß = 0.284), and protection from risks (ß = 0.432; all p < 0.001). Additionally, parental mental well-being, parent's internet usage time (years), the perception that their child/children are using digital tools unnecessarily, the monthly income of the family, parent's age, and education levels significantly impact digital parenting awareness (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Parents' mental well-being was moderately and significantly associated with digital parenting awareness. Furthermore, the high number of years of internet usage by parents, having high levels of education and income, being younger, and the perception that their children use digital tools unnecessarily are positively related to digital parenting awareness.

The effect of individual values on self-esteem and meaning in life in adolescents: A cross-sectional study from Turkey.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of personal values on self-esteem and meaning in life in adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 404 adolescents in Turkey. The data were collected with the "Portrait Values Questionnaire" (PVQ), the "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale" (RSE), and the "Meaning in Life Questionnaire" (MLQ) between September and December 2021. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of the data, and multivariate correlation and regression analyses were performed. The STROBE checklist was used for reporting. RESULTS: The mean PVQ score was 4.84 ± 0.59, indicating good individual values. The mean RSES score was 1.86 ± 0.62, showing moderate self-esteem. The mean MLQ score was 4.24 ± 1.17, indicating a moderate meaning in life. There was a positive relationship between the PVQ scores of the adolescents and their RSE and MLQ. PVQ was a positive predictor of RSE and MLQ in these adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that adolescents have good individual values, and moderate self-esteem and meaning in life. Individual values have a positive effect on adolescents' self-esteem and meaning in life. Future studies are expected to explore how personal values affect self-esteem and meaning in life in adolescents using longitudinal study data. Understanding how adolescents' personal values affect self-esteem and well-being can contribute to the development of further strategies to increase adolescents' self-esteem and happiness levels.

The relationship between professional values, ethical sensitivities and caring behaviors among nursing students: A structural equation modeling approach.

AIM: To examine the relationship between professional values, ethical sensitivity and caring behaviors among nursing students and determine whether professional values play a moderator role in the relationship between ethical sensitivity and caring behaviors among nursing students. BACKGROUND: Developing professional nursing values, ethical sensitivity and caring behaviors is critical in nursing programs from the first year to graduation to prepare students for increasingly complex and diverse work environments. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist was used. METHODS: This study was conducted with 189 undergraduate nursing students. The study was conducted in a four-year nursing faculty in the Mediterranean region of Turkey from February to June 2022. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Nurses' Professional Values Scale, the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and the Caring Behaviors Assessment Tool Nursing Version-Short Form. RESULTS: We found that nursing students' perceptions of professional values and caring behaviors were high and their ethical sensitivity was moderate. Nursing students who are successful in high school have higher professional values. In addition, it was determined that nursing students who chose the nursing profession because of altruism had higher perceptions of caring behaviors. A positive relationship exists between professional values, ethical sensitivity (r = -0.258, p < 0.001) and caring behaviors (r = 0.431, p < 0.001) (p < 0.05). Professional values have a positive effect on ethical sensitivity and caring behaviors. CONCLUSION: Professional values, ethical sensitivity and caring behaviors are relationships and professional values positively predict nursing students' ethical sensitivities and caring behaviors. As the professional value perceptions of nursing students increase, their ethical sensitivity and caring behaviors increase. Improving the curricula in a way that will improve professional values may enable nursing students to increase their ethical sensitivity and caring behaviors. The research contributes to a broader understanding of nursing education curriculum content.

Structural equation modeling analysis of risk factors for digital game addiction in adolescents: A web-based study.

AIM: Digital game addiction warrants study as it has serious negative impacts on adolescents' lives. This study aims to examine digital game addiction in adolescents and its factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study sample consisted of 297 students among 2400 students enrolled in four high schools located in Turkey's Mediterranean region. Data were collected from the adolescents using the Digital Game Addiction Scale for Children between September and December 2021. The STROBE checklist was used for reporting. RESULTS: The study found that adolescents who are male, who started playing digital games before the age of six, whose play is unlimited and unsupervised, who play for >10 h a day, who play digital games on the computer, and who do not participate in any other activities are the most at-risk group for digital addiction. CONCLUSIONS: Starting to play digital games in early childhood, and having unlimited and unsupervised play increases the risk of digital game addiction. It is recommended that school-based intervention programs are designed to prevent and reduce digital game addiction. In this regard, awareness projects, involving teachers, adolescents, and parents should be planned.

Evaluating workload and manpower planning among pediatric emergency department nurses in Turkey during COVID-19: A cross-sectional, multicenter study.

PURPOSE: Quality nursing care in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) can be achieved only through sustained workload-based manpower planning. The purpose of this paper to evaluate perceptions of workload and manpower planning in the PED setting in Turkey from the nurses' point of view. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional, multicenter study that was conducted among 187 nurses working in a PED setting in Turkey between June and September 2021. Data were collected using a questionnaire that measured nurses' perceptions of workload and manpower planning. The reporting of this study adhered to STROBE guidelines. RESULTS: The majority of the respondents perceived the number of patients-per-nurse during a shift to be too high, the number of nurses to be insufficient in proportion to the workload, and the nursing manpower-planning to be insufficient and biased. Those with ≤1 year of nursing experience in the PED perceived an increased workload and more burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic period. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses working in PED setting perceived the workload and manpower planning to be inadequate. In addition, nurses who were less experienced or felt burnout perceived their workload to be increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Further exploration of workload and manpower planning in PEDs is required. Quantifying nurses' perspectives of workload and manpower when managing emergency pediatric patients is essential for designing appropriate interventions to improve the working environment. Future studies should focus on comparing nurses' perceptions with actual workloads and manpower planning in PEDs using appropriate measurement tools.

The effect of a shaken baby syndrome prevention program on Turkish mothers' awareness and knowledge: A randomized controlled study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop an evidence-based education program to increase mothers' awareness and knowledge of shaken baby syndrome (SBS) and evaluate program effectiveness. DESIGN AND METHODS: Mothers with babies between 2 and 4 months of age were completed the study (intervention group = 43 and control group = 44). This single-blind randomized controlled study was conducted between September 2020 and February 2021. The intervention group participated in an 8-week follow-up. Outcome variables were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks after commencement of the intervention, which included measures to evaluate the administration of the shaken baby syndrome prevention program (SBSPP). The study was approved by ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04568538. RESULTS: Scores for the SBS assessment survey were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Developing effective interventions for SBS is an important public health goal. This study is the first to prove the effectiveness of an SBSPP conducted by nurses in Turkey. We believe that the implementation of this program in a larger sample will make a significant contribution to SBS reduction. Pediatric nurses identify the needs of parents with babies younger than 6 months and support them to manage this process correctly.

A four-year longitudinal evaluation study of nursing image, self-esteem, and profession perception among nursing students.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate nursing students' nursing image, self-esteem, and profession perception over their 4 years of study. DESIGN AND METHODS: This longitudinal study was conducted during 2016 and 2020 education terms. This study was conducted with the same group of students in their first year and fourth year on the nursing faculty in Turkey. Scale for the Image of the Nursing Profession, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory, and Perception of Nursing Profession Scale were used to collect research data. FINDINGS: Nursing education process have a significant positive effect on the perception of the profession and a negative effect on nursing image and self-esteem. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Targeted interventions should cultivate nursing image, promote self-esteem, and enrich the nursing curriculum to improve nursing students' profession perception.

The effectiveness of user-focused mobile health applications in paediatric chronic disease management: A systematic review.

PROBLEM: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of user-focused mobile health (mHealth) applications in paediatric chronic disease management. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Articles were included under the Population Intervention Comparator Outcome Study (PICOS) design framework for (P) children with a chronic disease, (I) mHealth user-focused apps, (C) usual care/control groups, (O) health outcomes related to chronic diseases, and (S) randomised controlled trials. This study followed the guidelines provided by Cochrane, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, and Mobile Health Evidence Reporting and Assessment. SAMPLE: A comprehensive literature search screening was conducted via CINAHL, PubMed, CENTRAL, ELSEVIER, SAGE, Science Direct, Scopus, Taylor Francis, WoS, and IEEE XPLORE from inception to November 15, 2020. RESULTS: The review included seven articles, which combined provided data for a total of 755 children. The effects of the mHealth applications on the investigated 31 unique outcomes of five chronic paediatric diseases were mixed, ranging from effective to no effect. The risk of bias in the included studies was mostly either high or concerning according to Risk of Bias tool 2.0. The mobile apps that were evaluated were not standalone apps but were designed to interact with and provide data to healthcare providers. CONCLUSION: Some mHealth interventions in this systematic review produced clinically meaningful and statistically relevant reductions in health outcomes related to chronic disease management. However, based on the available data, it is not possible to make definitive conclusions concerning the preferred target population of the interventions. IMPLICATION: mHealth apps may be beneficial in improving selected patient outcomes in chronic disease management. Our results may assist the digital health services of hospitals, paediatric nurses who are interested in mHealth, and children who have a chronic disease.

A grounded theory study to explore the digital gameplay experiences of adolescents at risk of addiction in Turkey.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the experiences of adolescents at risk of digital game addiction in Turkey. DESIGN AND METHODS: Guided by a grounded theory design, data were collected from 14 adolescents through one-on-one in-depth interviews between January and April 2021. Simultaneous data collection and analysis involved theoretical sampling, constant comparison, and memo writing. Open, axial, and selective coding were used in data analysis, while analytic coding identified the core category and subcategories and provided the foundation for the substantive theory. RESULTS: The core category, "I want to limit my time playing digital games, but I need the support of my family to do so," demonstrated the adolescents' awareness of their situation. The analysis yielded an interpretive theory comprising three inter-related categories: causal factors, effects on life, and solution pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The participants' reasons for playing digital games included meeting their need for socialization and passing the time. However, digital gaming affects adolescents physically, psychosocially, and culturally. Solutions include early childhood education and family support, which can significantly reduce the risk of digital game addiction. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Preventing digital game addiction is an important goal, and identifying risks contributing to digital game addiction is fundamental to establishing preventive measures. This study's findings may increase awareness of the subject for teachers, school nurses, and parents. Among the potential remedial measures are future studies focused on preventing digital game addiction and adding instruction to school curricula regarding necessary and beneficial uses of digital technologies.

How does Internet Addiction Affect Adolescent Lifestyles? Results from a School-Based Study in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey.

PURPOSE: The habits acquired during adolescence may continue into adulthood. Therefore, the identification and prevention of Internet addiction is an important goal. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Internet addiction on the lifestyles of adolescents in a sample in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. DESIGN AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 367 adolescents. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Internet Addiction Scale, and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale-II between January and June 2018. This manuscript has been prepared according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. RESULTS: The mean Internet addiction score among the included adolescents was found to be moderate. Males aged 17 years with divorced parents and adolescents who have poor relationships with family members and friends had higher average Internet addiction scores. A negative and moderate relationship between Internet addiction and healthy lifestyle behaviours was identified among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Internet addiction is negatively and moderately predictive of an adolescent's lifestyle. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Strengthening relationships with family and friends can prevent adolescents from developing Internet addictions and increase healthy lifestyle behaviours. Courses should be added to the curriculum that aim to improve the understanding of the risks and benefits (e.g. e-mail, Internet tools) associated with the Internet for both school staff and students. The results of the present study can be used to guide the development of a healthy Internet use program targeted at adolescents for use by school nurses.

Examination of job satisfaction and burnout status of pediatric nurses: A cross-sectional and correlational study using online survey research in Turkey.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine the job satisfaction and burnout of Turkish pediatric nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS: An online survey of pediatric nurses was conducted between January 2018 and March 2019, enrolled 326 participants. Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze. FINDINGS: Job satisfaction of younger and more inexperienced pediatric nurses was lower, while their burnout was higher. Negative relationship between job satisfaction, age, pediatric nursing experience, and burnout level was observed. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Young and inexperienced nurses should be supported by pediatric nurse managers to increase job satisfaction and reduce burnout. Aspects of new nurses that need improvement should be identified and orientation programs should be planned.

It is possible to develop the professional values of nurses.

BACKGROUND: The awareness and development of professional values affect the quality of nursing care. This study is the first interventional study conducted to develop the professional values of nurses in a clinical setting. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a structured Professional Values Development Programme on the development of the professional values of nurses. RESEARCH DESIGN: This study was a non-randomised controlled trial that measured with pre-test and post-test. Data were collected by using an Individual Identification Form and the Nurses' Professional Values Scale-Revised. The intervention group was involved in a 12-week programme. Participants in the control group received the programme after all data had been collected. Data collection for both groups was conducted at baseline and a 12-week follow-up. Expert opinions were evaluated by the Kendall Coefficient of Correlation test. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used to evaluate group differences. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: This study was conducted with 80 nurses (intervention group = 40, control group = 40). This study was conducted in paediatric clinics in two university hospitals in Turkey. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: In order to conduct this study, ethics committee approval was obtained. This study was performed according to the Helsinki Declaration. Participants were informed verbally and in writing, and informed consent was obtained by giving explanations. INDINGS: In the analysis, the two groups were similar in demographic variables. The only significant difference between the groups was between weekly working hours. Participants in the intervention group reported statistically significantly higher levels of professional values (p = 0.001) than those in the control group. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of the positive effectiveness of the Professional Values Development Programme in the development of professional values of clinical nurses. It also demonstrated the feasibility of implementing the programme with clinical nurses.

Evaluating the Job Satisfaction of Nurses Working in Pediatric Clinics in Terms of Eleven Dimensions and the Influencing Factors.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the job satisfaction of nurses working in pediatric clinics in terms of 11 dimensions and the influencing factors. METHOD: The sample of this descriptive study was composed of 92 nurses who were responsible for patient care in two public hospitals located in Antalya city. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form and Healthcare Environment Survey. The study was conducted between December 2018 and January 2019. RESULTS: The scale scores of the nurses were found to be moderate (4.20±0.86). Although the nurses obtained the highest mean score for the patient care subscale (5.09±1.04), they obtained the lowest mean score for the distributive justice subscale (2.53±1.42). Job satisfaction was higher in nurses who were aged 31-40 years and were continuously working during day shift than in nurses who were aged 41 years and older and working in the night shift (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The job satisfaction of nurses working in pediatric clinics was moderate and affected by many factors. Although the most perceived subscale of job satisfaction by nurses was patient care, the lowest perceived subscale was distributive justice. These results are important for guiding about job satisfaction enhancement practices for nurses working in pediatric clinics.

The development of the Professional Values Model in Nursing.

One of the most important criteria for professionalism is accumulation of knowledge that is usable in professional practice. Nursing models and theories are important elements of accumulating nursing knowledge and have a chance to guarantee the ethical professional practice. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of models in nursing research and newly created terminology has started to be used in nursing. In this study, a new model, termed as the Professional Values Model, developed by the authors was described. Concepts comprising the conceptual framework of the model and relations between the concepts were explained. It is assumed that awareness about concepts of the model will increase not only the patients' satisfaction with nursing care, but also the nurses' job satisfaction and quality of nursing care. Contemporary literature has been reviewed and synthesized to develop this theoretical paper on the Professional Values Model in nursing. Having high values in nursing increases job satisfaction, which results in the improvement of patient care and satisfaction. Also, individual characteristics are effective in the determination of individual needs, priorities, and values. This relation, proved through research about the Professional Values Model, has been explained. With development of these concepts, individuals' satisfaction with care and nurses' job satisfaction will be enhanced, which will increase the quality of nursing care. Most importantly, nurses can take proper decisions about ethical dilemmas and take ethical action when they take these values into consideration when giving care. The Professional Values Model seems suitable for nurse managers and it is expected that testing will improve it. Implementation of the Professional Values Model by nurse managers may increase motivation of nurses they work with. It is suggested that guidance by the Professional Values Model may help in enhancement of motivation efforts of the nurse managers and therefore should be taken into account.

The effects of nursing education on professional values: A longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: It is considered to be extremely important to ensure that nurses adopt professional values during their education in order to improve nursing practices and develop a professional identity. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of nursing education on development of professional values. DESIGN: This study was designed as a longitudinal study. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in a nursing department at a nursing school in the western Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: The population of the study consisted of nursing students who were enrolled in the nursing department in academic year of 2011-2012. The data of the study were collected from 59 first-year students in 2011 and 83 fourth-year students in 2015. METHODS: The data of the study were collected using Personal Information Form and Nursing Professional Values Scale-NPVS. The participants responded to the same questionnaire in their first and fourth years in the department. RESULTS: The scale mean score of the students in their first year was 3.44±0.635. The highest scores were obtained from the subscales of responsibility, security, and autonomy. Their scale mean score in their fourth year was 3.93±0.727. The highest scores were obtained from the subscales of dignity and autonomy. The difference between the mean scores was statistically significant (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that nursing education had a significant effect on development of professional values.

Professional Values, Job Satisfaction, and Intent to Leave Among Nursing Managers.

BACKGROUND: The professional values that are typically attributed to nursing managers influence the behaviors of staff nurses as well as of nursing managers. Therefore, the efficient planning and implementation of nursing services require that nursing managers raise their awareness of professional nursing values. PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the correlations between professional values, job satisfaction, and intent to leave the job and the institution. METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 216 nursing managers in nine different hospitals in Turkey. The data were collected using a personal information form, Nursing Professional Values Scale, Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and scales on intent to leave the job and the institution. RESULTS: Results indicate a positive correlation between the professional values of nurses and their job satisfaction and suggest a negative correlation between professional values and intent to leave the job and the institution. Furthermore, agency was found to be a determinant of job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Strong professional values were found to increase job satisfaction and decrease the intent to leave the job and the institution.

Ethnobotanical research of medicinal plants in Mihalgazi (Eskisehir, Turkey).

CONTEXT: Human beings have long utilized plants for medicinal purposes. Investigation of these plants has led to the discovery of several modern drugs. OBJECTIVE: This paper documents and evaluates traditional knowledge on medicinal plants used by the local people of Mihalgazi district of Eskisehir, Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six villages of the study area were visited between February 2014 and April 2015 to collect the data. One hundred and eighty-nine informants were interviewed by the survey method and face to face semi-structured interviews. Taxonomic identification, the most commonly used plant parts, preparation and administration methods were evaluated. Ethnomedicinal data were analyzed quantitatively with relative importance (RI) and the informant consensus factor (FIC). RESULTS: This paper reported a total of 52 medicinal plants (37 wild, 15 cultivated) belonging to 34 families. Some uses of 22 plants were not found in the literature and are reported for the first time in this study. Furthermore, one of the plants, Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth (Poaceae), was reported for the first time as being used within the scope of traditional therapies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study recorded traditional knowledge on medicinal plants used in Mihalgazi, Turkey. This paper provides a basis for further investigations to discover efficient pharmaceuticals.

Compositions of essential oils and trichomes of Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. trapezunticum Rech. fil. and subsp. syspirense (C. Koch) Rech. fil.

Teucrium chamaedrys L. is a member of the Lamiaceae family and is represented in the Flora of Turkey by six subspecies. The aerial organs of T. chamaedrys L. subsp. trapezunticum Rech. fil. and subsp. syspirense (C. Koch) Rech. fil. bears numerous eglandular and glandular trichomes. Eglandular trichomes are simple, long-multicellular with cuticular micropapillae, and glandular hairs are of peltate and capitate types. The peltate hairs consist of a basal cell, a short unicellular stalk, and multicellular secretory head, and the capitate ones possess 1-2 stalk cells and one glandular head cell. The aerial parts were subjected to microdistillation for the isolation of volatiles. The analysis was simultaneously performed by using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major components were characterized as beta-caryophyllene (18%), nonacosane (12%), germacrene D (11%), caryophyllene oxide (7%), and alpha-pinene (7%) for subsp. trapezunticum, and caryophyllene oxide (23%), alpha-pinene (11%), and caryophyllenol II (5%) for subsp. syspirense.