Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Clozapine/adverse effects , Drug Eruptions/pathology , Foot Dermatoses/etiology , Hand Dermatoses/etiology , Vasculitis/etiology , Adolescent , Complement C3/metabolism , Fibrinogen/metabolism , Foot Dermatoses/pathology , Hand Dermatoses/pathology , Humans , Male , Patch Tests , Vasculitis/metabolism , Vasculitis/pathologyABSTRACT
Onychomycosis (OM), has a worldwide prevalence of 5% and 0.5%-5% in India. Trichophyton. rubrum (T rubrum) and T mentagrophytes are the most commonly isolated fungi. As the clinical and mycological characteristics change with time and geographical region; it is important to study the temporal and topographic patterns periodically. The study was conducted to identify the epidemiological and clinico-mycological characteristics of patients with OM attending a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Hundred patients with clinical diagnosis of OM were recruited. Among these, 88 patients who tested positive for OM on direct microscopy with KOH, culture and/or histopathology with periodic acid-Schiff were included in the study. The clinico-mycological characteristics and risk factors associated with OM were evaluated. OM was more common in males (M:F = 2.5:1). The mean age of patients with OM was 39 ± 15.3 years (SE 1.52) with mean disease duration of 27.6 ± 46.1 months (SE 4.9). Seventeen (19.3%) patients had concomitant diabetes mellitus. The patients displayed mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.67 ± 1.35 kg/sq m. Concurrent dermatophytosis of skin was present in 35 (39.77%) patients. Two feet-one hand syndrome was present in 5 patients. Fingernail involvement without toenail involvement was more common than toenail involvement alone. (43.18% vs 38.63%). Distal and lateral subungual OM (DLSO) was the commonest clinical variant (81.8%). Mycological culture showed growth in 47 (53.40%) patients. Dermatophytes were isolated in majority, that is in 30 (63.82%) patients followed by non-dermatophytic moulds (NDM) in 7 (14.8%) and Candida spp. in the remaining 10 (21.27%) patients.
Subject(s)
Nails/microbiology , Onychomycosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Arthrodermataceae/isolation & purification , Candida/isolation & purification , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus , Female , Foot Dermatoses/microbiology , Hand Dermatoses/microbiology , Humans , India , Male , Middle Aged , Nails/pathology , Onychomycosis/diagnosis , Onychomycosis/epidemiology , Onychomycosis/pathology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Tertiary Care Centers , Tinea/diagnosis , Trichophyton/isolation & purification , Young AdultABSTRACT
The "chik sign" is considered to be one of the most common cutaneous features of chikungunya fever and has been considered unique to this disorder. It consists of brownish hyperpigmentation involving the nose. We report a case of a 3-year-old boy with dengue infection who presented with macular hyperpigmentation of nose simulating the chik sign. Hyperpigmentation is an unusual cutaneous manifestation in cases of dengue.
