Determination of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors of Turkish young women.

Risky sexual behaviors of young women cause significant reproductive health problems. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate the sexual attitude and behavior characteristics of young women, their changes over the years, and the effects of information sources such as family, media, and friends, which play an effective role in bringing about changes in sexual behavior of young women. This study was planned to evaluate young women's premarital sexual behaviors and related factors in Turkiye between 01.11.2021 and 01.05.2022. It is designed as a descriptive correlation study conducted with 1.430 young women studying at universities in 30 metropolitan cities in Turkiye. The study data were collected using the "Participant Information Form" and the "Premarital Risky Sexual Behavior Assessment Scale for Young Women." This study showed that parents' educational status and geographical region was related to the young women's mean score and the subdimension score of the Premarital Sexual Behavior Assessment Scale for Young Women (PSAS-YW) (p < .001). Furthermore, young women's top source of information about sexuality was internet media (80 percent, n = 1144), and the least source was their fathers (2.9 percent, n = 41). There is a relationship between where young women spend most of their lives, the geographical region where their families live, and the risk of sexual behavior. The study observed that the geographical region where young women's parents live was effective in risky sexual behavior. While less risky sexual behavior was observed, primarily in the country's east, this rate increased in the western parts. Furthermore, while it was determined that young people mainly acquire sexual information through the media-internet or friends, it was observed that the participants in this group had the highest rate of risky sexual behavior. The age variable explained only 2 percent of the change in risky sexual behavior, and there was a linear increase between the mother's education level and the risky sexual behavior score of young women.

Effectiveness of menstruation hygiene skills training for adolescents with autism.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may encounter many difficulties with their menstrual cycles. Potential challenges that adolescents with ASD may face include understanding physical changes, coping with symptoms, emotional sensitivity, communication, personal care, and hygiene. AIM: To evaluate the effect of menstrual hygiene skills training given to adolescents with ASD on their menstrual hygiene skills. METHODS: The study was conducted with 15 adolescents diagnosed with ASD by the single group pre-test and post-test model in three special education centers in Türkiye. Data were collected with the Adolescent and Parent Information Form and the Adolescent-Specific Menstrual Hygiene Skill Registration Form. RESULTS: While the mean age of adolescents was 16.06 ± 0.88 years, the mean age of individuals responsible for adolescent care was 43.66 ± 5.56 years. While 60.0% of the adolescents noticed the onset of bleeding before training, this rate was 93.3% after training. The Adolescent-Specific Menstrual Hygiene Skill Registration Form showed a statistically significant increase in the application steps after the training. The difference between the menstrual hygiene skill scores of adolescents diagnosed with ASD before and after training was significant. CONCLUSION: The menstrual hygiene skills training given to adolescents with ASD was beneficial in increasing their menstrual hygiene skills. These individuals must take responsibility during menstruation and independently manage their continuous care activities.

Fertility Preservation in Patients With Cancer: Nurses' Views, Experiences, and Perceptions of Benefits and Barriers.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate nurses' views, experiences, and perceptions of the benefits and barriers to fertility preservation (FP) care for patients with cancer. SAMPLE & SETTING: The sample consisted of 236 nurses who provided care before gonadotoxic treatment for people with cancer in three university hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey, from January to June 2018. METHODS & VARIABLES: The data were collected using a participant information form and the Oncology FP Survey. The main research variables were nurses' views, experiences, and perceptions of benefits and barriers to FP care. Data were evaluated using means, SDs, frequencies, and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Patients and their families were informed about FP most of the time. This information was given by physicians about half the time and by nurses less than one-fourth of the time. Mean scores on the Oncology FP Survey were moderate and indicated challenges among nurses in self-confidence, self-awareness of personal limitations, and perceived barriers when providing effective FP care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses face challenges in providing counseling about FP options for patients with cancer and their families. Increasing self-confidence, reducing personal limitations, and decreasing perceived barriers to FP care through appropriate training may improve nurses' ability to provide FP counseling.

A qualitative study of women's experiences with obstetric violence during childbirth in Turkey.

OBJECTIVES: to examine and explain the feelings, thoughts and experiences of women who reported that they had experienced obstetric violence at any stage of the childbirth process (i.e. pregnancy, delivery and postpartum) in Turkey. DESIGN: a phenomenological qualitative study using the theoretical thematic analysis approach in data analysis. SETTING: data were collected in individual in-depth interviews via video conferencing between 24 February 2021 and 16 November 2021. PARTICIPANTS: 27 women who reported that they had experienced obstetric violence during the childbirth process and who met the study inclusion criteria. RESULTS: participants who reported that they had experienced obstetric violence were categorised into the following themes: (1) types of obstetric violence; (2) failure to meet professional standards of care; (3) reactions; and (4) awareness. Women with different sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics were exposed to diverse types of obstetric violence, causing them to feel stress, anxiety, worry, sadness, helplessness, anger and fear. They had certain expectations of health professionals (e.g. midwives, nurses and physicians), and did not have prior awareness of obstetric violence. KEY CONCLUSIONS: obstetric violence against women during the childbirth process is a serious problem in the Turkish care system that has a negative effect on women's health. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: awareness of obstetric violence should be increased amongst health professionals and women receiving healthcare services. Further studies should be conducted to determine the prevalence of obstetric violence, and relevant training programmes should be developed to eliminate this type of violence against women in health facilities.

The relationships between prenatal attachment, maternal anxiety, and postpartum depression: A longitudinal study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between prenatal attachment, maternal anxiety, and postpartum depression. DESIGN AND METHODS: This longitudinal study included 195 pregnant women in their third trimester. FINDINGS: The level of postpartum depression in the sixth week was found to be significantly higher in women older than 31 years, high-risk pregnancies, primipara women, women having a living child outside of the newborn, and in women who experience problems after delivery. Our findings indicated that the level of anxiety and postpartum depression decreased significantly in the sixth postpartum week. Anxiety and depression levels decreased during the weeks following the postpartum period. Furthermore, no significant relationship emerged between prenatal attachment and postpartum depression. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Nurses should evaluate psychosocial health in the prenatal and postnatal periods.

Efficacy of Nursing Support in the Pre- and Postmedical Termination of Pregnancy Phases: A Randomized Study.

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of a nursing support program developed in accordance with the Roy adaptation model that was applied in addition to routine nursing care during the treatment process of pregnant women for whom the medical termination decision. This study, which was conducted using a pretest-posttest design, was a prospective, single-blind, and randomized-controlled empirical study. In the experimental group, although the first and last assessment State Anxiety Inventory scores were higher than those in the control group after the medical termination nursing support program, there was no significant difference. Compared with the control group, there were positive differences in the Scale of Ways of Coping with Stress, Adaptation Assessment Form for Role Function Area, and physical complaints in the experimental group. At the follow-up assessment, the total Perinatal Grief Scale score was significantly higher than that in the control group.

Parental Opinions and Approaches about Childhood Vaccinations: Are Anti-vaccination Approaches and Indecisiveness Parental Rights?

This study aimed to analyze parental opinions regarding immunization services and the factors that affect parental decisions regarding the vaccination of their children. We conducted descriptive study with 373 parents. The Parent Information Form and the Public Attitude Toward Vaccination Scale-Health Belief Model developed to evaluate vaccination approaches, were used. Of the parents who participated in the study, 35.9% stated that they found the information on childhood vaccinations unreliable or that they doubted the credibility of the information. In addition, most of the parents (71%) stated that they believed that the high number of immigrant children in the country causes contagious diseases to increase. It is found that there are statistically significant higher scores in the subscales of severity, susceptibility, and health motivation among the parents who disagree with the media statements on anti-vaccination attitudes (p < 0,001). Opinions and approaches of parents toward childhood vaccinations are affected by sociodemographic characteristics. In this study, the educational level of parents was found to be the most important variable affecting the approach of parents toward vaccinations.

Psychosocial Adaptation and Depressive Manifestations in High-Risk Pregnant Women: Implications for Clinical Practice.

BACKGROUND: High-risk pregnancy research has focused primarily on psychological well-being. AIMS: The aim is to determine psychosocial adaptation and depression levels of pregnant women who were admitted to hospital with diagnosis of high-risk pregnancy. METHODS: This study was descriptive. Sampling was composed of 122 high-risk pregnant women who were hospitalized in the perinatology service of Istanbul University Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between January 1, 2014, and May 31, 2014, and met the study criteria. The Pregnant Introduction Form, Psychosocial Adjustment of Illness Scale-Self Report, and CES Depression Scale were used. RESULTS: Of high-risk pregnant women, 47% were found to have a poor level of psychosocial adaptation and 57% presented with depressive symptoms. There were statistically significant difference found between the levels of psychosocial adaptation and status of depressive manifestations. The difference between the average scores increased as the adaptation levels weaken and the pregnant women with a poor level of psychosocial adaptation showed more depressive manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that, depending on the high-risk pregnancy status, pregnant women experience difficulty in adaptation to their current status and pregnant women with a poor level of psychosocial adaptation showed more depressive manifestations. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Nurses should deliver care in high-risk pregnancies with the awareness of physiological needs as well the psychosocial needs of pregnant women, and information meetings should be held in order to increase the psychosocial support of their families and decrease their tendency toward depression. Nursing initiatives should be developed with further studies for the psychosocial adaptation of high-risk pregnancy and reduction of the depressive manifestations.