ABSTRACT
The influence of one's physical appearance is enormous, especially during social interactions with others. The effect of sex on aggressiveness during social encounters with confederates of different sexes and attractiveness was investigated. Undergraduate college participants, 40 men and 40 women, had water spilled on them as an aggression-provoking situation. All participants were rated for aggression by the two experimenters and by themselves. The main effect for attractiveness as observed by the experimenters was significant, with unattractive confederates having more aggression manifested toward them than toward their attractive peers. The main effect for response was significant, with confederates responding neutrally to having more aggression manifested toward them than confederates who apologized. No other main effects or interactions were significant.
Subject(s)
Aggression , Attitude , Beauty , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
This study using the wrong number technique focussed on the effects of sex of caller, sexual orientation of caller, and urgency on the altruistic response of making a call. In a 2 (sex) x 2 (heterosexual or homosexual) x 2 ("last quarter" or "no more change") factorial design the dependent variable was the number of seconds taken for a return telephone call. A woman or man asking for a boyfriend or girlfriend were helped faster than homosexual ones. Further research exploring the ways people of different sexual orientations are responded to is recommended.
Subject(s)
Altruism , Gender Identity , Helping Behavior , Homosexuality, Female/psychology , Homosexuality, Male/psychology , Telephone , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , PrejudiceABSTRACT
Associations of age, membership in a sorority or fraternity, and whether a family member had an alcohol-related problem with the number of alcohol-related problem behaviors were examined by asking 160 people on campuses and one Board of Education in the northeastern United States to complete anonymously a 17-item questionnaire reporting the number of drinking-related problem behaviors. A 2 x 2 x 3 factorial analysis of variance with unequal ns yielded significance for age, type of family membership, and the interaction between age and membership in a sorority or fraternity. Younger subjects reported more alcohol-related drinking behaviors as did those with members of their family having drinking problems. Finally, younger members of a Greek organization reported the greatest number of problem behaviors.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Child of Impaired Parents/psychology , Students/psychology , Adult , Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology , Alcoholism/prevention & control , Alcoholism/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Social Conformity , Social IdentificationABSTRACT
The effect of sex, religion, and amount of alcohol consumed on the number of self-reported alcohol-related problem behaviors was examined for 331 students who were approached on three Eastern United States campuses and asked to complete anonymously a questionnaire reporting the number of drinking-related problem behaviors. It was hypothesized that Catholics, men, and people who drank more would report more problem behaviors. A 2 x 3 x 4 factorial analysis of variance with unequal ns showed all three hypotheses were confirmed, but no significant interactions were found. Given the enormity of the problem of alcohol abuse in the United States, further research examining alcohol use and the associated problem behaviors is essential.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcoholism/psychology , Gender Identity , Religion and Psychology , Social Behavior , Adolescent , Adult , Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology , Automobile Driving/psychology , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
This study examined the relation of sex, work environment, and level of education to self-reported alcohol-related problem behaviors and estimates of weekly consumption. 216 employees of various establishments located in the eastern United States participated in the study, which involved answering a 17-item questionnaire. It was hypothesized that men would report more problems and greater consumption than women, college educated individuals more than people with no college background, and employees of alcohol-related environments more than those of nonalcohol-related environments. The results confirmed the predictions for environment and sex. There were also significant interactions between sex and environment and for sex and education concerning consumption. The triple interaction was also significant for the consumption variable. Further investigation is needed to determine the ramifications for both employers and employees of alcohol-related areas.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcoholism/psychology , Educational Status , Gender Identity , Job Satisfaction , Social Environment , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Social AdjustmentABSTRACT
This research was conducted to study the effects of sex, race, and year in college on self-reported drinking-related problem behaviors. It was hypothesized that men would report more problem behaviors than women, white students would report more than Hispanic or black students, and an interaction of sex and race would be observed. The study was conducted at a middle-sized eastern college, where 181 students anonymously filled out a 17-item questionnaire. The design was a 3 (race) x 2 (sex) x 2 (year in college) factorial. The hypotheses for sex and race were confirmed. Investigation of whether these self-reported drinking-related problem behaviors are congruent with actual behaviors requires study.
Subject(s)
Aggression , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology , Black or African American/psychology , Gender Identity , Identification, Psychological , Students/psychology , Adult , Aggression/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The present study investigated Gestalt principles of proximity, similarity and closure. 32 subjects reproduced distances between dots and lines. Two stimulus exposure times were used. Time was significant for proximity, similarity, and closure. Type of distance estimated was significant for proximity and closure and the interaction of time and type of distance was significant for similarity. Most accurate estimations were consistently found for fast exposure times, and internal distances were estimated more accurately than external distances.
