ABSTRACT
Sea buckthorn and Japanese knotweed are known in many traditional medicine systems to be a great source of bioactive substances. This research aims to compare the bioactivity and protective effects of the phenolic extracts of leaves from sea buckthorn and roots and leaves from the Japanese knotweed on erythrocytes. The polyphenol composition of the extract was analyzed using UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS. The extracts' toxicity and impact on the erythrocytes' osmotic fragility were measured spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was determined based on the inhibition of oxidation of erythrocytes and their membrane induced by 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH),measured spectrophotometrically and using fluorimetry. To find the possible mechanism of the extracts' action, extract-modified cells were observed under a microscope, and the potential localization of the extract's phytochemical composition was checked using fluorescent probes. The results showed that the used extracts are not toxic to erythrocytes, increase their osmotic resistance, and successfully protect them against free radicals. Extract components localize on the outer part of the membrane, where they can scavenge the free radicals from the environment. Altogether, the presented extracts can greatly protect living organisms against free radicals and can be used to support the treatment of diseases caused by excess free radicals.
Subject(s)
Erythrocyte Membrane , Hippophae , Plant Extracts , Polyphenols , Hippophae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Polyphenols/pharmacology , Polyphenols/chemistry , Erythrocyte Membrane/drug effects , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Animals , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Protective Agents/chemistry , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Osmotic Fragility/drug effectsABSTRACT
The blueberry fruit of the genus Vaccinium, including high blueberry, low blueberry, and wild bilberry, is consumed for its flavor and medicinal properties. The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of the interaction of blueberry fruit polyphenol extracts with the erythrocytes and their membranes. The content of polyphenolic compounds in the extracts was determined using the chromatographic UPLC-ESI-MS method. The effects of the extracts on red blood cell shape changes, hemolysis and osmotic resistance were examined. Changes in the order of packing and fluidity of the erythrocyte membrane and the lipid membrane model caused by the extracts were identified using fluorimetric methods. Erythrocyte membrane oxidation was induced by two agents: AAPH compound and UVC radiation. The results show that the tested extracts are a rich source of low molecular weight polyphenols that bind to the polar groups of the erythrocyte membrane, changing the properties of its hydrophilic area. However, they practically do not penetrate the hydrophobic part of the membrane and do not damage its structure. Research results suggest that the components of the extracts can defend the organism against oxidative stress if they are delivered to the organism in the form of dietary supplements.
