ABSTRACT
This is a case report of a bilateral posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder after electrical shock and presents the first such patient treated with bilateral shoulder hemiarthroplasty. At first presentation, the upper limbs of the patient were in a position of internal rotation, and passive and active external rotations were painful. Radiographs and computed tomography of both shoulders showed bilateral posterior fracture-dislocation. Defects over 50% of the head articular surfaces led to unstable and unsuccessful initial closed and open reductions. The patient was then treated with cemented hemiarthroplasties with very good functional results two years post-operatively. This case presentation underlines the critical value of systematic clinical and radiographic evaluation of severe bilateral shoulder fracture-dislocations, prior to the ultimate proper treatment with cemented humeral shoulder hemiarthroplasties, followed by appropriate rehabilitation programme, for successful patient outcomes.
ABSTRACT
A sexual dimorphism (SD) of the "vertebra prominens" was found, namely the 7th cervical vertebra (C7) spinous process (SP) is more frequently longer in men and the 1st thoracic (T1) SP in women.[1] We assume that the cause of this SD is the different anatomy of the anterior upper thoracic region (AUTR) between men and women, due to the presence of the breast. One-hundred forty-two women aged 48.1Âs17 years old, who visited the OPD for neck complaints, were studied. Measures included the age, the relationship of C7 and T1 SP length, documented in three types (type 1= [C7>T1], 2 = [C7 = T1], 3 = [C7 < T1]), the breast size, (small, medium and large), the length ratio of C7/T1 SP and the BMI. Breast size and SP length relationship between C7 and T1 was found to be significantly correlated. The results confirm that the cause of the SD of the SP length of C7 and T1 seems to be the different female AUTR anatomy due to the presence of the breast and it is probably the result of the need of the posterior cervical anatomical structures to compensate for the higher torque created by the female AUTR anatomy. These original findings are useful in clinical examination, in breast oncology, for the plastic surgeons, in terms of implantation of the proper breast size implant, after mastectomies for malignancies but also for aesthetic reasons and the software of all surface topography devices should be adjusted accordingly.
Subject(s)
Cervical Vertebrae , Neck , Adolescent , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The human body odor contains different volatile organic compounds which can be used as biomarkers for various diseases. The early detection of heart failure (HF) through periodical screening provides an early treatment application. Therefore we have developed a completely new non-invasive method to identify HF applying an "electronic nose" (e-nose) which provides a "smelling" of the disease based on the analysis of sweat volatile gases from the skin surface. For this e-nose a special applicator carrying the sensor chip was developed which can be applied directly on the skin surface. 27 patients with decompensated HF (DHF), 25 patients with compensated HF (CHF, mean age 70.72 ± 12.02) and 28 controls (CON) were enrolled in this first pilot study.
