ABSTRACT
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a significant problem in the Caribbean, where many individuals have African and Asian forebears. However, reliable prevalence data and specific health care programs for SCD are often missing in this region. Closer collaboration between Caribbean territories initiated in 2006 to set up strategies to promote better equity in the health care system for SCD patients led to the formation of CAREST: the Caribbean Network of Researchers on Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia. We present the effectiveness of collaborations established by CAREST to promote SCD newborn screening programs and early childhood care, to facilitate health worker training and approaches for prevention and treatment of SCD complications, and to carry out inter-Caribbean research studies.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell/ethnology , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Neonatal Screening , Research/organization & administration , Thalassemia/ethnology , Caribbean Region/epidemiology , Cooperative Behavior , Cultural Competency , Health Personnel/education , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Inservice Training , Language , PrevalenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: In Guadeloupe, an island in the French West Indies, a universal newborn screening programme for sickle cell disease and other abnormal haemoglobins was initiated in 1984. In 1990, a comprehensive sickle cell centre was established to carry on the management programme. We here report the main results from the newborn screening programme from 1984 to 2010, and consider how the establishment of the sickle cell centre affected the programme. METHODS: All blood samples were screened for the haemoglobinopathies using two reference methods in a single reference diagnosis laboratory. DNA analyses were also performed for confirmatory tests and analysis of the globin gene status. RESULTS: Between 1 January 1984 and 31 December 2010, 178,428 newborns were screened at birth, and 585 children were diagnosed with major sickle cell syndromes (ie. an overall incidence of 1 in 304 births). Sickle cell anaemia (haemoglobin SS disease) was the most frequently observed (1 in 575 births), followed by haemoglobin SC disease (1 in 771 births) and haemoglobin Sß-thalassemia disease (1 in 4,243 births). Some other rare haemoglobin variants were also detected, the most common being HbD(Punjab). The establishment of a comprehensive sickle cell centre resulted in a significant improvement in the screening coverage (p < 0.001) and a significant reduction of the delay between diagnosis and the first medical visit (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The universal screening programme has made it possible to establish the incidence of the major sickle cell syndromes in Guadeloupe, and the management centre has improved its efficiency.
