ABSTRACT
Background: Drug-induced kidney injury was among the most common renal damages, from which gentamicin occupies around 25% of this injury. Gentamicin-induced renal damage is caused by increased free radicals with subsequent amplified inflammation. Ajuga remota leaf extract has many phytochemicals with antioxidant activities, which may improve gentamicin-induced renal damage. Thus, we aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of Ajuga remota leaf methanolic extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice. Methods: An experimental study design was used on 30 experimental mice randomly allocated in six groups: Group I, II, II, IV, and VI, among which mice were given only distilled water, only gentamicin, 600 mg/kg Ajuga remota leaf extract only, gentamicin along with 200 mg/kg extract, gentamicin with 400 mg/kg extract and gentamicin with 600 mg/kg extract, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed after being anaesthetized, and blood samples were collected through a cardiac puncture for renal function tests while the kidneys were removed for histopathological evaluation. The data were entered into Epidata version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis using one-way analysis of variance. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Group II mice had significantly higher levels of serum creatinine and blood urea levels compared to group I and III. The body weight of the mice in group V and group VI showed a significant increase compared with Group II. Serum creatinine and blood urea levels were reduced significantly in the Ajuga remota leaf extract administered group of mice compared to group II. Abnormal kidney architectural changes were seen among group II mice; however, those changes were improved after administration of Ajuga remota leaf methanolic extract. Conclusion: Methanol extract of Ajuga remota leaf provided effective protection against gentamicin-induced oxidative renal damage through its antioxidant effects.
ABSTRACT
Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by an infection with the sporulating bacterium Rhinosporidium seeberi. It primarily affects the nose and nasopharynx mucous membranes, but it can also involve the conjunctiva. The most common presentation of ocular rhinosporidiosis is a polypoid mass in the palpebral conjunctiva. It affects people of all ages and genders and is found in few Asian countries. Conjunctival lesions are uncommon, and no previous case from Ethiopia has been documented to the authors' knowledge. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old boy with a fleshy pedunculated conjunctival mass was brought to Jimma University Medical Center with a 1-month history of foreign body sensation. The patient was diagnosed with Pedunculated Squamous Cell Papilloma and had an excisional biopsy of the lesion. The mass was found to be a hyperplastic polypoid lesion with numerous globular cysts within the conjunctival submucosa, surrounded by a heavy inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils, as well as large thick-walled sporangia with numerous endospores on microscopic sections. Conjunctival Rhinosporidiosis was diagnosed histopathologically. Conclusion: In terms of clinical appearance, conjunctival Rhinosporidiosis resembles squamous papilloma. As a result, a thorough histopathologic study is essential for a correct diagnosis of this uncommon condition.
