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1.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis ; 11(7): 985-9, 2011 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21083370

ABSTRACT

The presence of antibodies to Rickettsia conorii, R. helvetica, R. felis, R. slovaca, R. sibirica, and R. massiliae in sera of 129 forest workers from northeastern and southern Poland was assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. Previous environmental studies revealed presence of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae in ticks collected from these areas. Additionally, the workers were examinated for the presence of antibodies specific to other tick-borne bacteria: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp., and B. burgdorferi. The results of the studies have shown the presence of specific SFG rickettsiae antibodies in 14.7% of tested forest workers, among them 78.9% had species-specific antibodies to R. massiliae. Contrary to previous detection R. helvetica and R. slovaca in ticks collected in the environment of the examined area, no species-specific antibodies to these species were detected in studied workers. Antibodies to B. burgdorferi (44%) were found in forest workers more often than antibodies to other tested pathogens. B. burgdorferi was also the main component of coinfections. The most frequent confirmed serologically coinfections were simultaneous infections with B. burgdorferi and Bartonella spp. found in 10% of tested individuals. So far, SFG rickettsiae infections have not been diagnosed in Poland; however, the presence of the bacteria in ticks and presence of specific antibodies in humans exposed to arthropods show the need for monitoring the situation. The list of tick-borne pathogens is increasing, but knowledge about the possibility of humans acquiring multipathogens infections after tick bite still needs evaluation.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Tick-Borne Diseases/epidemiology , Tick-Borne Diseases/microbiology , Anaplasma phagocytophilum/immunology , Animals , Bartonella/immunology , Borrelia burgdorferi/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Forestry , Humans , Poland/epidemiology , Rickettsia/immunology , Tick-Borne Diseases/blood , Ticks/microbiology
2.
Exp Parasitol ; 125(4): 400-8, 2010 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20385129

ABSTRACT

Eighteen fatty acids identified in the cuticle of three insect species representing differing susceptibilities to C. coronatus infection, were tested for effects on the in vitro growth and pathogenicity of the parasitic fungus. At all applied concentrations (0.1-0.0001% w/v) growth was inhibited by C(16:0), C(16:1), C(18:0), C(18:1), C(18:2), C(18:3), C(20:0) and C(20:1). At high concentrations spore germination was inhibited by C(7:0), C(8:0), C(9:0), C(10:0), C(12:0), C(18:2) and C(18:3) and hyphal growth was merely retarded by C(5:0), C(6:0), C(6:2), C(14:0), C(16:0), C(16:1), C(18:0,) C(18:1), C(20:0) and C(20:1). The presence of C(15:0) at the 0.1% concentration stimulated growth of C. coronatus. Sporulation was inhibited by all concentrations of C(16:0) and C(18-20) fatty acids. Low concentrations of C(5:0), C(6:0), C(6:2) and C(7:0) enhanced sporulation. Fatty acids C(5-12) as well as C(18:3), C(20:0) and C(20:1) decreased the ability of fungal colonies to infect G. mellonella while C(16:1) elevated it thus suggesting that C(16:1) may stimulate production of enzymes involved in the host invasion. Toxicity of metabolites released into incubation medium decreased with varying degrees in the presence of C(6:0), C(6:2,) C(7:0), C(9:0), C(12:0), C(16:1), C(18:2), C(18:3), C(20:0) and C(20:1); other fatty acids had no effect. Further work is needed to analyse the effects of exogenous fatty acids on the C. coronatus enzymes implicated in fungal pathogenicity as well as on the production of insecticidal metabolites.


Subject(s)
Conidiobolus/growth & development , Conidiobolus/pathogenicity , Fatty Acids/pharmacology , Moths/microbiology , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Biomass , Conidiobolus/drug effects , Conidiobolus/physiology , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Fungal Proteins/metabolism , Moths/chemistry , Mycelium/drug effects , Mycelium/growth & development , Spores, Fungal/drug effects , Spores, Fungal/physiology , Virulence
3.
J Invertebr Pathol ; 91(1): 50-2, 2006 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16325849

ABSTRACT

An essential component of the insect cellular response is phagocytosis. Analyses of the in vitro phagocytosis could be useful for the studies of the relationship between insects and their pathogens. Fungal metabolites are known to inhibit phagocytosis whereas components of the fungal cell wall stimulate phagocytosis. To achieve a better understanding of fungal pathogenesis in insects, haemocyte populations of two insect species susceptible to Conidiobolus coronatus infection (Galleria mellonella, Dendrolimus pini ) were compared with haemocytes of the resistant species (Calliphora erythrocephala ). Fungal infection increased phagocytic activity of G. mellonella plasmatocytes 3.3 times and this of D. pini plasmatocytes 2.1 times. Analysis of infected C. erythrocephala larvae did not reveal any influence of C. coronatus upon phagocytic activity.


Subject(s)
Conidiobolus/physiology , Diptera/parasitology , Hemocytes/parasitology , Moths/parasitology , Phagocytosis/physiology , Zygomycosis/physiopathology , Animals , Host-Parasite Interactions
4.
Exp Parasitol ; 109(2): 115-23, 2005 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15687018

ABSTRACT

Diverse effects of two temperature regimes (20 and 30 degrees C) on the growing rates of five Duddingtonia flagrans isolates (MUCL 28429, CBS 143.83, CBS 561.92, CBS 565.50, and CBS 583.91) propagated on two liquid (MM, LB) and four solid substrates (CMA, SAB, SAB-GM, and SAB-HP) were observed. All D. flagrans isolates were able to produce chlamydospores but not on all substrates. None of the isolates produced trapping nets and conidia under applied growing conditions. D. flagrans isolates showed moderate insecticidal properties against Galleria mellonella larvae with mortality rates below 20%. Preincubation (18 h) of Heligmosomoides polygyrus infective (L3) larvae in fungal homogenates highly impaired in vitro spontaneous motility of nematodes. This may indicate the potential of D. flagrans bioactive substance(s) for use as biocontrol agents of parasitic nematodes.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota/growth & development , Moths/microbiology , Nematospiroides dubius/microbiology , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Animals , Ascomycota/physiology , Culture Media , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Movement , Nematospiroides dubius/physiology , Spores, Fungal/growth & development , Spores, Fungal/physiology , Temperature
5.
Wiad Parazytol ; 50(1): 13-7, 2004.
Article in Polish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16892599

ABSTRACT

Insecticide resistance has been a problem in all insects groups. Resistance has developed to every chemical class of insecticide, including microbial drugs and insect growth regulators. The result of rising resistance could be either increase in the number of arthropods cumbersome, like lice, or spread of arthropod-borne diseases, like malaria. The main tool of prevention against resistance is surveillance of the susceptibility of populations. Careful scrutiny of current information about vector resistance shows that the full effect of resistance on control efforts is not known. Resistance management strategies are dependent on early detection of the occurrence of resistance and efficient monitoring of resistance gene frequencies in populations. Detection of the susceptibility of a population could be shown trough bioassay, biochemical assay, or molecular assay. Resistance management can help avoid resistance development in populations or slow the rate of resistance development.


Subject(s)
Arthropod Vectors/physiology , DDT/metabolism , Insecta/physiology , Insecticide Resistance/physiology , Animals , Environmental Monitoring , Humans , Insecticides/classification , Mutation , Pest Control/methods , Ticks/physiology
6.
Wiad Parazytol ; 49(4): 351-6, 2003.
Article in Polish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16888932

ABSTRACT

Hematophagous arthropods are pesky but can also be very dangerous to human health due to their ability to act as vectors to many viral, bacterial or parasite-related diseases. The common application of chemicals to control pests leaded to the increasing resistance to pesticides among both insects and ticks. The causes underlying the appearance of the resistance and the mechanisms involved are presented in this article. The description of mechanisms is presented starting from decreased penetration of the pesticide, to an increase in metabolism of pesticide, to the reduced sensitivity of the pesticide's target.


Subject(s)
Arthropod Vectors/physiology , Arthropod Vectors/parasitology , DDT/metabolism , Insecticide Resistance/physiology , Insecticides/classification , Insecticides/metabolism , Animals , Ectoparasitic Infestations/prevention & control , Houseflies/parasitology , Houseflies/physiology , Humans , Insecticides/chemistry , Mosquito Control/methods , Mutation , Pest Control/methods , Ticks/parasitology , Ticks/physiology
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