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1.
Dis Esophagus ; 34(12)2021 Dec 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34184036

ABSTRACT

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in patients with achalasia who are status post bariatric surgery may be technically challenging due to postsurgical scarring and altered anatomy. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of POEM for achalasia in patients with prior bariatric surgery. A review of prospectively maintained databases at three tertiary referral centers from January 2015 to January 2021 was performed. The primary outcome of interest was clinical success, defined as a post-treatment Eckardt score ≤ 3 or improvement in Eckardt score by ≥ 1 when the baseline score was <3, and improvement of symptoms. Secondary outcomes were adverse event rates and symptom recurrence. Sixteen patients status post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 14) and sleeve gastrectomy (n = 2) met inclusion criteria. Indications for POEM were achalasia type I (n = 2), type II (n = 9), and type III (n = 5). POEM was performed either by anterior or posterior approach. The pre-POEM mean integrated relaxation pressure was 26.2 ± 7.6 mm Hg. The mean total myotomy length was 10.2 ± 2.7 cm. The mean length of hospitalization was 1.4 ± 0.7 days. Pre- and postprocedure Eckardt scores were 6.1 ± 2.1 and 1.7 ± 1.8, respectively. The overall clinical success rate was 93.8% (15/16) with mean follow-up duration of 15.5 months. One patient had esophageal leak on postprocedure esophagram and managed endoscopically. Dysphagia recurred in two patients, which was successfully managed with pneumatic dilation with or without botulinum toxin injection. POEM appears to be safe and effective in the management of patients with achalasia who have undergone prior bariatric surgery.


Subject(s)
Esophageal Achalasia , Gastric Bypass , Myotomy , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery , Esophageal Achalasia/surgery , Esophageal Sphincter, Lower/surgery , Humans , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Treatment Outcome
2.
Curr Oncol ; 26(2): e155-e161, 2019 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31043821

ABSTRACT

Background: In Canada, requests for public reimbursement of cancer drugs are predominately initiated by pharmaceutical manufacturers. Clinician-led submissions provide a mechanism to initiate the drug funding process when industry does not submit a request for funding consideration. Although such requests are resource-intensive to produce, Cancer Care Ontario (cco) has the capacity to facilitate clinician-led submissions. In 2014, cco began developing a cancer drug prioritization framework that allocates resources to systematically address a growing number of clinician-identified funding gaps with clinician-led submissions. Methods: Cancer site-specific drug advisory committees established by cco consist of health care practitioners whose roles include identifying and prioritizing funding gaps. The committees submit their identified gaps to a cross-cancer-site prioritization exercise in which the requests are ranked based on a set of guiding principles derived from health technology assessment. The requests are then sequentially allocated the resources needed to meet submission requirements. Whether the funding gap is of provincial or pan-Canadian relevance determines where the submission is filed for assessment. Results: Since its inception, the cco framework has identified 17 funding gaps in 9 cancer sites. In 4 prioritizations, the framework supported 6 submissions. As of June 2018, the framework had contributed to the eventual funding of more than 9 new drug-indication pairs, with more awaiting funding consideration. Conclusions: The cco prioritization framework has enabled clinicians to effectively and systematically identify, prioritize, and fill funding gaps not addressed by industry. Ultimately, the framework helps to ensure that patients can access evidence-informed and cost-effective therapies. The framework will continue to evolve as it encounters new challenges, including funding requests for rare indications.


Subject(s)
Medical Oncology/economics , Oncologists/organization & administration , Antineoplastic Agents/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Financing, Organized , Humans , Neoplasms/economics , Ontario
3.
J Cell Biol ; 150(2): 361-76, 2000 Jul 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10908578

ABSTRACT

Interactions between microtubules and filamentous actin (F-actin) are crucial for many cellular processes, including cell locomotion and cytokinesis, but are poorly understood. To define the basic principles governing microtubule/F-actin interactions, we used dual-wavelength digital fluorescence and fluorescent speckle microscopy to analyze microtubules and F-actin labeled with spectrally distinct fluorophores in interphase Xenopus egg extracts. In the absence of microtubules, networks of F-actin bundles zippered together or exhibited serpentine gliding along the coverslip. When microtubules were nucleated from Xenopus sperm centrosomes, they were released and translocated away from the aster center. In the presence of microtubules, F-actin exhibited two distinct, microtubule-dependent motilities: rapid ( approximately 250-300 nm/s) jerking and slow ( approximately 50 nm/s), straight gliding. Microtubules remodeled the F-actin network, as F-actin jerking caused centrifugal clearing of F-actin from around aster centers. F-actin jerking occurred when F-actin bound to motile microtubules powered by cytoplasmic dynein. F-actin straight gliding occurred when F-actin bundles translocated along the microtubule lattice. These interactions required Xenopus cytosolic factors. Localization of myosin-II to F-actin suggested it may power F-actin zippering, while localization of myosin-V on microtubules suggested it could mediate interactions between microtubules and F-actin. We examine current models for cytokinesis and cell motility in light of these findings.


Subject(s)
Actins/metabolism , Actomyosin/metabolism , Cell Division/physiology , Cell Movement/physiology , Cytoskeleton/metabolism , Microtubules/metabolism , Myosin Type V , Oocytes/metabolism , Animals , Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Cytoplasm/metabolism , Cytosol/metabolism , Dyneins/metabolism , Female , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Oocytes/cytology , Xenopus
5.
J Clin Rheumatol ; 1(1): 57-9, 1995 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19077943

ABSTRACT

A prolonged partial thromboplastin time in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus usually is due to a lupus anticoagulant. Antiphospholipid antibodies may be associated with thrombosis. We describe a patient with an overlap syndrome between systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease who presented with a prolonged partial thromboplastin time due to a high titer of antibodies to factor VIII (acquired hemophilia). The clinical course resulted in a fatal hemorrhage, illustrating the importance of prompt distinction between lupus anticoagulants and clotting factor inhibitors.

6.
Lancet ; 1(8587): 667-72, 1988 Mar 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2895212

ABSTRACT

A phase I/II study of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was undertaken in patients with advanced malignancy receiving melphalan to determine the granulocyte response, side-effects, and pharmacokinetics. Patients received doses of 1-60 micrograms/kg intravenously. There were 3 patients at each dose level. Before chemotherapy the immediate effect of G-CSF was a transient depression in circulating neutrophils followed by a dose-dependent rise. Neutrophil counts up to 80 X 10(9)/l were achieved. G-CSF administration following melphalan reduced the period of neutropenia caused by melphalan. G-CSF was well tolerated and the only clinical observation that appeared related to G-CSF administration was slight bone pain during some infusions. G-CSF was rapidly cleared from the blood with a mean half-life of 110 min for the second phase. Reductions in the number of days of neutropenia following cytotoxic chemotherapy may reduce the morbidity and mortality of chemotherapy.


Subject(s)
Agranulocytosis/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Colony-Stimulating Factors/therapeutic use , Granulocytes/drug effects , Neutropenia/drug therapy , Aged , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Colony-Stimulating Factors/administration & dosage , Colony-Stimulating Factors/pharmacokinetics , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Evaluation , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Leukocyte Count/drug effects , Male , Melphalan/administration & dosage , Melphalan/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Neutropenia/blood , Neutropenia/chemically induced , Neutrophils/drug effects , Time Factors
8.
J R Army Med Corps ; 127(3): 131-3, 1981 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7310755
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