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1.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry ; 50(3): 254-62, 2009 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19175819

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of early maternal and paternal depression on child expressive language at age 24 months and the role that parent-to-child reading may play in this pathway. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The 9-month and 24-month waves from a national prospective study of children and their families, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), provided data on 4,109 two-parent families. Depressive symptoms were measured with a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Parents reported on positive parent-infant interactions, child expressive vocabulary, and demographic and health information at child age 9 and 24 months. Linear regression was used to estimate associations between depression, parenting, and child vocabulary. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis that parent reading behavior mediates the parent depression to child vocabulary pathway. These models were adjusted for demographic indicators. RESULTS: As previously reported from this national sample, 14% of mothers and 10% of fathers exhibited elevated levels of depressive symptoms at 9 months. For both mothers and fathers, depression at 9 months was negatively associated with contemporaneous parent-to-child reading. Only for fathers, however, was earlier depression associated with later reading to child and related child expressive vocabulary development. A model describing this pathway demonstrated a significant indirect pathway from depression to vocabulary via parent reading to child. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is a significant problem among both mothers and fathers of young children, but has a more marked impact on the father's reading to his child and, subsequently, the child's language development.


Subject(s)
Child Language , Communication , Depression, Postpartum/psychology , Parents/psychology , Bibliotherapy , Child, Preschool , Demography , Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis , Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology , Fathers/psychology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Male , Mothers/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Reading , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Addict Behav ; 32(4): 675-85, 2007 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16839693

ABSTRACT

The present study examined parentification and family responsibility in the families of origin of 103 female college students who met criteria for being Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs) as compared to 233 women who did not. The gender of the parent with an alcohol problem (mother only, father only, both parents, neither) was also examined in relation to family roles. Participants completed the Parentification Questionnaire-Adult (PQ-A; Sessions, M. W., and Jurkovic, G. J. (1986). Parentification Questionnaire-Adult (PQ-A). Unpublished document. Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA), the Filial Responsibility Scale-Adult (FRS-A; Jurkovic, G. J., and Thirkield, A. (1999). Filial Responsibility Scale-Adult (FRS-A). Unpublished document. Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA), the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST; Jones, J. W. (1983). The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test: Test manual. Chicago: Camelot), and indicated whether they suspected their mother/father of a drinking problem. ACOAs reported more parentification, instrumental caregiving, emotional caregiving, and past unfairness in their families of origin as compared to non-ACOAs. However, as compared to ACOAs who indicated that their father was the alcohol-abusing parent or non-ACOAs, respondents who thought their mothers had an alcohol problem reported greater past unfairness. In addition, ACOAs who thought their mothers had a problem with alcohol abuse reported more parentification and emotional caretaking than did non-ACOAs.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism/psychology , Caregivers/psychology , Child of Impaired Parents , Family , Parenting , Adolescent , Adult , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Anxiety/psychology , Female , Humans , Parent-Child Relations , Parenting/psychology , Sex Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , United States/epidemiology
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