ABSTRACT
Growth of the cricoid ring in infants is studied. In the first two weeks of life a small ring seems correlated with the fact of early infant death. Therefore we suggest that mortuary specimens at this age are not a reliable guide to the size of the cricoid in thriving infants. Rates of growth from ages of two weeks to three years are given for the specimens examined. Comparison with similar measurements carried out in England show that the specimens collected here were systematically smaller for a given age.
Subject(s)
Larynx/growth & development , Anthropometry , Child, Preschool , Cricoid Cartilage/anatomy & histology , Cricoid Cartilage/growth & development , Europe/ethnology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , South AfricaABSTRACT
The pre-Vesalian history of anatomical illustration, including its ancient Greek and Roman periods, is surveyed. While dissection was abandoned in Alexandria under the Romans, it was revived in Italy during the Renaissance, and the invention of printing prompted the avalanche of documents which has cascaded ever since. The considerable contribution of the late Professor Lawrence H. Wells to the history of anatomical illustration is emphasized and his interest in 'fugitive sheets', popular in the 15th and 16th centuries, is indicated.
Subject(s)
Medical Illustration/history , Anatomy , Greece , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , ItalyABSTRACT
The origin of single renal arteries from the sides of the aorta were examined in 52 dissecting room subjects. Although subject to variation, the right artery usually arose anterior (nearer the anterior midline) and superior (higher on the aorta) to the left renal artery. The left artery normally arises in front of the strict lateral (90 degrees) position.
Subject(s)
Aorta/anatomy & histology , Renal Artery/anatomy & histology , HumansABSTRACT
The cricoarytenoid joints of 45 larynges were dissected and examined with respect to ligaments, articulating surfaces and movements. In this study the capsule of the joint was uniformly thin, and was strengthened by a superficial, medially placed, flattened band of fibers of one or two strata, known as the posterior cricoarytenoid ligament. Three movements of the arytenoid cartilage at this joint were found, the axes and ranges of which were directly related to the shape and position of the cricoid facet. Notwithstanding these differences, the positions of all the vocal folds in extreme adduction or abduction were similar. These findings contradict the traditional concepts of uniformity of the anatomy and movements of the cricoarytenoid joint and also the position and therefore name, of the "posterior" cricoarytenoid ligament.
Subject(s)
Joints/anatomy & histology , Larynx/anatomy & histology , Anthropometry , Female , Humans , Joints/physiology , Laryngeal Cartilages/anatomy & histology , Laryngeal Cartilages/physiology , Larynx/physiology , Ligaments, Articular/anatomy & histology , Ligaments, Articular/physiology , Male , MovementABSTRACT
Terminology of the cortex of the kidney is discussed and some new terms are suggested. Observations are described on 50 kidneys which have been injected and variously dissected. These include descriptions of the medulla, papillae and calyces. Some developmental, radiological and surgical aspects are mentioned and suggestions for further study are made.
