ABSTRACT
La Colonia Nacional Dr. Montes de Oca (CMDO) atiende población con discapacidad intelectual y patologías psiquiátricas. A partir de transformaciones institucionales recientes surgió la necesidad de conocer las implicancias de los diferentes dispositivos residenciales en la calidad de vida de los usuarios alojados. METODOLOGÍA: Muestra compuesta por 51 usuarios internados en pabellones de la CMDO y 45 residentes en Dispositivos Residenciales Comunitarios (DRC). Se relevaron variables sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas y contextuales y dimensiones del constructo Calidad de Vida, mediante Escala GENCAT. Se calcularon proporciones y medidas de resumen. Se compararon los puntajes directos de la GENCAT mediante prueba estadística U de Mann-Whitney (alfa =0,05). Se construyó el perfil de calidad de vida promedio y se calculó el índice de Calidad de Vida (ICV) para cada grupo. RESULTADOS: En los puntajes directos de Calidad de Vida, la diferencia de medianas entre los dos grupos fue significativa (p<0.01) para todas las dimensiones. La mayor diferencia se observó en la dimensión de Bienestar Material, seguida por Desarrollo personal, Derechos y Autodeterminación. La menor brecha se encontró en Bienestar físico. CONCLUSIÓN: El perfil de calidad de vida de los residentes en DRC fue superior en general y en cada una de sus dimensiones.
The National Colony Dr. Montes de Oca (CMDO) takes care of a population with intellectual disability and psychiatric pathologies. Due to recent transformations, the need of knowing the implications of the different residential devices on the quality of life of the hosted users arose. METHODOLOGY: Sample composed of 51 hospitalized into the CMDO and 45 residents in Community Residential Devices (CRD). Sociodemographic, epidemiological and contextual variables and dimensions of the Quality of Life construct were measured using the GENCAT Scale. Proportions and summary measures were calculated. Direct GENCAT scores were compared using Mann-Whitney U test (alpha = 0.05). The Average Quality of Life Profile was constructed and the Quality of Life Index (ICV) for each group was calculated. RESULTS: In the direct Quality of Life scores, the median difference between the two groups was significant (p <0.01) for all dimensions. The major difference was observed in the Material Welfare dimension , followed by Personal Development, Rights and Self-Determination. The smallest gap was found in Physical well-being. CONCLUSION: The quality of life profile of residents in CRD was higher in general and in each of its dimensions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Quality of Life , Intellectual DisabilityABSTRACT
The psychiatric hospital "Dr. Manuel A. Montes de Oca" has developed a Program for the Reform of the Model of Attention and Integral Rehabilitation that includes the implantation of community residential devices in the area of influence of the Institution. This program, which aims at the progressive replacement of asylum beds, has been the subject of an evaluative investigation that has included almost all the devices through a transversal and descriptive design, with instruments of survey created by the equipment and in agreement with the References of the Institution. The present article proposes to initiate a set of evaluative works in different dimensions concerning the institutional reform process, describing the antecedents, the objectives and the methodology and development of the study to achieve the general characterization of the devices. The main results of the study are summarized below on a set of aspects that we consider most signifcant for the characterization of the devices: a) Type of users served; B) Coverage of Care; C) Method of approach; D) Use of social and health services; E) Expenses and returns to the Institution; E) Main barriers encountered in the implementation of such devices. The work concludes with a series of proposals that are based on the survey carried out tending to promote the greatest possible sustainability in the implementation of the selected community devices.
