Six-lead device superior to single-lead smartwatch ECG in atrial fibrillation detection.

This was a head-to-head comparative study on different electrocardiogram (ECG)-based smartwatches and devices for atrial fibrillation detection. We prospectively included 220 patients scheduled for electrical cardioversion and recorded ECGs with 3 different devices (Withings Move ECG, Apple Watch 5, Kardia Mobile 6-leads) as well as the standard 12-lead ECG (gold standard), both before and after cardioversion. All atrial fibrillation detection algorithms had high accuracy (sensitivity and specificity: 91-99%) but were hampered by uninterpretable recordings (20-24%). In cardiologists' interpretation, the 6-lead device was superior (sensitivity 99%, specificity 97%) to both single-lead smartwatches (P < .05) for atrial fibrillation detection.

External Validation of the ELAN-HF Score, Predicting 6-Month All-Cause Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

Background Our aim was to calibrate and externally revalidate the ELAN-HF (European Collaboration on Acute Decompensated Heart Failure) score, to confirm and improve on a previous external validation of the risk score. Methods and Results The ELAN-HF score predicts 6-month all-cause mortality in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure using absolute and percentage change of NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) levels in addition to clinical variables. For the external validation, we used the PRIMA II (Can NT-proBNP-Guided Therapy During Hospital Admission for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Reduce Mortality and Readmissions?) trial. For both data sets, observed versus predicted mortality was compared for the 4 risk categories; and the mean predicted mortality was plotted against the observed mortality with calculation of a correlation coefficient and SEE. The model discriminant ability was determined by comparing the C-statistics for both data sets. The predicted versus actual 6-month mortality values in the derivation cohort were 3.7% versus 3.6% for the low-risk category, 9.4% versus 9.2% for the intermediate-risk category, 24.2% versus 23.5% for the high-risk category, and 54.2% versus 51.1% for the very-high-risk category. The correlation between predicted and observed mortality by deciles was 0.92, with an SEE of ±4%. In the validation cohort, predicted versus actual 6-month mortality values were 3.0% versus 2.2% for the low-risk category, 9.4% versus 8.2% for the intermediate-risk category, 25.0% versus 22.9% for the high-risk category, and 56.8% versus 53.6% for the very-high-risk category. The correlation between predicted and actual mortality by quintiles was 0.99, with an SEE of ±2%. There was no significant difference in C-statistic between the derivation cohort (0.78; 95% CI, 0.74-0.82) and the validation cohort (0.77; 95% CI, 0.69-0.84; P=0.693). Conclusions Our study confirms that the ELAN-HF score predicts accurately 6-month mortality in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure with the use of easily obtained characteristics.

NT-proBNP (N-Terminal pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide)-Guided Therapy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: PRIMA II Randomized Controlled Trial (Can NT-ProBNP-Guided Therapy During Hospital Admission for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Reduce Mortality and Readmissions?).

BACKGROUND: The concept of natriuretic peptide guidance has been extensively studied in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), with only limited success. The effect of NT-proBNP (N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide)-guided therapy in patients with acute decompensated HF using a relative NT-proBNP target has not been investigated. This study aimed to assess whether NT-proBNP-guided therapy of patients with acute decompensated HF using a relative NT-proBNP target would lead to improved outcomes compared with conventional therapy. METHODS: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to study the impact of in-hospital guidance for acute decompensated HF treatment by a predefined NT-proBNP target (>30% reduction from admission to discharge) versus conventional treatment. Patients with acute decompensated HF with NT-proBNP levels >1700 ng/L were eligible. After achieving clinical stability, 405 patients were randomized to either NT-proBNP-guided or conventional treatment (1:1). The primary end point was dual: a composite of all-cause mortality and HF readmissions in 180 days and the number of days alive out of the hospital in 180 days. Secondary end points were all-cause mortality within 180 days, HF readmissions within 180 days, and a composite of all-cause mortality and HF readmissions within 90 days. RESULTS: Significantly more patients in the NT-proBNP-guided therapy group were discharged with an NT-proBNP reduction of >30% (80% versus 64%, P=0.001). Nonetheless, NT-proBNP-guided therapy did not significantly improve the combined event rate for all-cause mortality and HF readmissions (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.37; P=0.99) or the median number of days alive outside of the hospital (178 versus 179 days for NT-proBNP versus conventional patients, P=0.39). Guided therapy also did not significantly improve any of the secondary end points. CONCLUSIONS: The PRIMA II trial (Can NT-ProBNP-Guided Therapy During Hospital Admission for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Reduce Mortality and Readmissions?) demonstrates that the guidance of HF therapy to reach an NT-proBNP reduction of >30% after clinical stabilization did not improve 6-month outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.trialregister.nl. Unique identifier: NTR3279.

Rationale and design of PRIMA II: A multicenter, randomized clinical trial to study the impact of in-hospital guidance for acute decompensated heart failure treatment by a predefined NT-PRoBNP target on the reduction of readmIssion and Mortality rAtes.

BACKGROUND: Hospital admissions for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are frequent and are accompanied by high percentages of mortality and readmissions. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the inactive N-terminal fragment of its precursor proBNP (NT-proBNP) are currently the best predictors of prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. In the setting of chronic HF, studies that performed guidance of therapy by NT-proBNP have had only limited success. For patients with ADHF, retrospective studies have shown that a reduction in NT-proBNP of ≤30% during admission is a significant predictor of HF readmissions and mortality. These data suggest a role for NT-proBNP guidance in the setting of ADHF admissions. STUDY DESIGN: The PRIMA II is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, controlled, prospective 2-arm trial that investigates the impact of inhospital guidance for ADHF treatment by a predefined NT-proBNP target (>30% reduction during admission) on the reduction of readmission and mortality rates within 180 days. Consenting ADHF patients with NT-proBNP levels of >1,700 ng/L are eligible. After achieving clinical stability, a total of 340 patients are randomized to either NT-proBNP-guided or conventional treatment (1:1). The primary end point is dual, that is, a composite of all-cause mortality and readmission for HF in 180 days and the number of days alive out of hospital in 180 days. Secondary end points are readmissions and/or mortality in 180 days, cost effectiveness of hospitalization days in 180 days, readmissions and mortality in 90 days, and quality of life. CONCLUSION: The PRIMA II trial aims at providing scientific evidence for the use of NT-proBNP-guided therapy compared with conventional treatment in patients admitted for ADHF.