ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for end-stage renal disease patients. Increased incidence of post-transplantation malignancy can be caused by immunosuppressive drugs and some oncogenic infections. The aim of this study is to show the incidence of post-transplantation malignancy in patients who had surgery and were followed up in the Organ Transplant Center, Medical Park Antalya, Antalya, Turkey. METHOD: The study was based on 2100 kidney transplantation patients who had surgery between May 2008 and December 2012 and also on 1900 patients who had surgery by members of our team in other centers and who were followed up routinely. In all of our patients, the type of malignancy, the time that malignancy developed, immunosuppressive regimens, and viral status (Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus) were investigated. RESULTS: Malignancy was developed in 30 patients (60% of them were male, median age was 52.1 years). Post-transplantation malignancy development time was a median of 5.1 years. The types of malignancies were as follows: non-melanoma skin cancer in 12 patients (40%), urogenital cancer in 7 patients (24%), breast cancer in 4 patients (14%), lymphoproliferative disease in 3 patients (10%), thyroid cancer in 2 patients (6%), and lung cancer in 2 patients (6%). DISCUSSION: In this study, we did not find any increased post-transplantation malignancy risk in our patients. This finding could be due to the low-dosage immunosuppressive protocols that we used.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Cytomegalovirus , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Incidence , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/epidemiology , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/etiology , Risk , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/etiology , Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology , Thyroid Neoplasms/etiology , Turkey , Urogenital Neoplasms/epidemiology , Urogenital Neoplasms/etiology , Viral LoadABSTRACT
In this study, the interaction between temperature and heavy metal stress was investigated in two wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gerek-79 and Bolal-2973). Effects of different concentrations of lead and cadmium (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 mg l(-1)) simultaneously applied at various temperatures (8/4, 25/18, 35/26 degrees C day/night) to the seedlings were detected by measuring changes in the plant length, percentage of dry weight, chlorophyll (a, b, a/b), total soluble phenolics, and free proline. At the high cadmium concentrations, significant changes occurred in plant length and in the amounts of dry weight, chlorophyll, total soluble phenolics, and free proline. Significant differences were not observed in the parameters examined for the lead treatments. These data indicated that heavy metal toxicity increases in parallel with temperature. In addition, lead did not have any toxic effects on plants in sand-perlite mixture at 500 mg l(-1), whereas cadmium showed toxic effect even at such low concentrations as 50 mg l(-1).
