Assessment of MMP-1, MMP-8 and TIMP-2 in experimental periodontitis treated with kaempferol.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a dietary flavonoid, kaempferol, which has been shown to possess antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant activities on the periodontium by histomorphometric analysis and on gingival tissue matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-8, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) by biochemical analysis of rats after experimental periodontitis induction. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten rats each, and silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars for 15 days, except in the healthy control rats. In the experimental periodontitis groups, systemic kaempferol (10 mg/kg/2d) and saline were administered by oral gavage at two different periods (with and without the presence of dental biofilm) to all rats except for the ten non-medicated rats. Alveolar bone area, alveolar bone level, and attachment level were determined by histomorphometric analysis, and gingival tissue levels of MMP-1, MMP-8, and TIMP-2 were detected by biochemical analysis. RESULTS: Significantly greater bone area and significantly less alveolar bone and attachment loss were observed in the kaempferol application groups compared to the control groups (P<0.05). In addition, gingival tissue MMP-1 and -8 levels were significantly lower in the kaempferol application groups compared to the control groups and the periodontitis group (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in TIMP-2 levels between the kaempferol and saline application groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Kaempferol application may be useful in decreasing alveolar bone resorption, attachment loss, and MMP-1 and -8 production in experimental periodontitis.

Analysis of YKL-40 acute-phase protein and interleukin-6 levels in periodontal disease.

BACKGROUND: YKL-40, a new acute-phase protein, is shown to be elevated in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery diseases. However, there is no data indicating a relationship between YKL-40 and periodontal disease. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the major regulator of acute-phase protein synthesis and one of the most studied inflammatory markers in periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate YKL-40 and IL-6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of patients with periodontal disease and healthy individuals. METHODS: Periodontally healthy individuals (n = 15), patients with gingivitis (n = 15), and patients with severe chronic periodontitis (CP) (n = 15) without any systemic disease were included in the study. Clinical measurements were recorded; GCF and blood samples were obtained from each participant. GCF and serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed by parametric and non-parametric tests. RESULTS: Total amounts of YKL-40 and IL-6 in GCF as well as serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with gingivitis and CP compared with healthy controls (P <0.01). YKL-40 levels in GCF and serum as well as serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with CP compared with patients with gingivitis (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: YKL-40 levels in GCF as well as serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels increased from gingivitis to periodontitis. Within the limits of the present study, the YKL-40 molecule might be a potential novel inflammatory marker of periodontal disease.

Long-term clinical results on the use of platelet concentrate in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this clinical investigation was to evaluate long-term results obtained with the combination of platelet pellet (PP) plus bioabsorbable barrier membrane (BM) and to compare this outcome with the results obtained using bioactive glass (BG) graft material with a BM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a split mouth design, 11 chronic periodontitis patients (power ≥ at least 80%) were randomly assigned to treatment with a combination of PP/GTR or BG/GTR in contra-lateral dentition areas. Clinical attachment level (CAL) as the primary outcome variable, calculated as the sum of probing pocket depth (PPD) and gingival recession, and radiological alveolar bone level were recorded at baseline, 6 months and 5 years. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between test and control defects at baseline. PPD reductions and CAL and radiological alveolar bone height gains were statistically significant between baseline and 6 months and between baseline and 5 years in both groups (p < 0.01). Six months results of frequency distribution showed that 82% of the defects attained ≥ 4 mm CAL gain in both groups, while 5 year results showed that 73% of the defects attained 2 mm ≤ CAL gain < 4 mm in the PP/BM group and 55% of the defects attained 2 mm ≤ CAL gain < 4 mm in the BG/BM group. All parameters evaluated showed no significant differences between 6 months and 5 years in both groups (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference in any of the clinical parameters was observed at 6 months and 5 years between the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The long-term efficacy of platelet concentrate combined with a barrier membrane is similar with the combination of bioactive glass graft material and barrier membrane, suggesting that results obtained with both treatment approaches can be maintained over a period of 5 years.

Biochemical analysis of pentraxin 3 and fibrinogen levels in experimental periodontitis model.

OBJECTIVE: Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), newly discovered inflammation marker, is a member of acute-phase proteins. The hypothesis, synthesis of gingival tissue and serum PTX-3 increases in the experimental periodontitis model (with 10-day and 40-day periods), was tested by detecting gingival tissue and serum PTX-3 levels in rats with experimental periodontitis. METHODS: Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups of ten animals each: ligature-induced experimental periodontitis groups (with 10-day (Group1) and 40-day periods (Group2)) and healthy group (Group3). At the end of experimental period, rats were sacrificed, and radiological and histomorphometric analyses were performed on the mandibles. PTX3 levels were measured in gingival tissue and serum samples using ELISA. Plasma fibrinogen levels were measured according to the nephelometric method. RESULTS: Significant alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammation were evident in periodontitis groups. Levels of PTX3 in gingival tissue were statistically higher in Group 1 than those in groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.01). No significant difference was found in serum PTX3 levels between experimental periodontitis and control groups (P > 0.05). Plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly increased in the experimental periodontitis groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: PTX3 seems to be associated with tissue destruction in earlier periods of inflammatory periodontal disease, contrary to the fibrinogen findings.