Impact of a wheelchair education protocol based on practice guidelines for preservation of upper-limb function: a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if strict use of the Paralyzed Veterans of America's Clinical Practice Guidelines for Preservation of Upper Limb Function affects wheelchair setup, selection, propulsion biomechanics, pain, satisfaction with life, and participation of individuals with new spinal cord injuries (SCIs). DESIGN: Single blinded, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Model SCI systems rehabilitation facility and community. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of manual wheelchair users with new SCIs (N=37). INTERVENTION: The intervention group was strictly educated on the clinical practice guideline by a physical therapist and an occupational therapist in an inpatient rehabilitation facility. The standard of care group received standard therapy services. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of wheelchair setup, selection, propulsion biomechanics, pain, and Satisfaction With Life Scale and Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique scores at the time of discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and at 6 months and 1 year postdischarge. RESULTS: Participants in the intervention group pushed on tile with significantly lower push frequency (P=.02) at the discharge visit. On the ramp, the intervention group used a significantly larger push length (P=.03) across all time points. No significant differences were found between groups related to wheelchair setup, selection, pain, satisfaction with life, and participation. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention group showed better skills on key wheelchair propulsion biomechanics variables related to upper-limb health. Use of a structured education program may be an effective method of educating new manual wheelchair users to prevent the development of upper-limb impairments in an inpatient setting. Additional follow-up testing is necessary to determine whether the differences seen in propulsion skills translate into decreased pain and improved quality of life in the long term.

Impact of the clinical practice guideline for preservation of upper limb function on transfer skills of persons with acute spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the development of a strict education protocol to implement the clinical practice guideline "Preservation of Upper Limb Function Following Spinal Cord Injury" into a clinical setting, and evaluate the effect of the protocol on transfer quality. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Acute Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems rehabilitation facility and community. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of full-time wheelchair users (N=70) with new spinal cord injuries randomized (1:1) to an intervention and standard-of-care group. INTERVENTION: The intervention group was educated on transfer skills with a structured protocol implemented by a physical and occupational therapist who were extensively educated on the clinical practice guidelines and current transfer research. The standard-of-care group received standard therapy services. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of transfer quality evaluated by the Transfer Assessment Instrument at 4 time points during first year after injury. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between study groups. Secondary analysis based on type of transfer performed found that participants in the intervention group who performed assisted sitting pivot transfers performed higher-quality transfers (mean ± SE: 9.43±.55) compared with the standard-of-care group (mean ± SE: 7.81±.46) (P=.026) at 1 year after discharge. Also, participants who performed a dependent transfer had a higher average score across all 4 time points (mean ± SE: 9.14±.34) compared with the standard-of-care group (mean ± SE: 8.09±.29) (P=.019). CONCLUSIONS: For participants who perform assisted or dependent transfers, use of an evidenced-based, structured education program during acute inpatient rehabilitation has the potential to significantly improve the quality of transfers. Further follow-up testing is necessary with a larger sample size to determine the long-term effects.