Bulimic weight-loss behaviors in military versus civilian weight-management programs.

This descriptive study evaluated the presence of bulimic weight-loss behaviors in individuals enrolled in: (1) a military weight-management program (N = 51); (2) a civilian weight-management program (N = 53); and (3) a comparison (military normal-weight) group (N = 51). A modified version of the Stanford Eating Disorders Questionnaire was administered to all subjects. The results indicated that the military weight-management program group reported that they engaged in bulimic weight-loss behaviors two to five times more often than the comparison group, and that they engaged in vomiting, strenuous exercise, or use of sauna/steam room four times as often as the civilian weight-management program group. The results suggest that bulimic weight-loss behaviors may develop in individuals who feel extreme pressure to lose weight.

Site specificity of pain and tension in tension-type headaches.

Previous studies have not found a significant correlation between location of pain and electromyogram levels in chronic headache patients. However, these studies only examined a limited number of muscle groups and did not assess subjective tension levels. The present study evaluated a group of tension-type (n = 43) and migraine and tension-type (n = 30) headache patients. Measures were obtained at five muscle sites (frontalis, temporalis, masseter, splenius capitis, and trapezius) for patient ratings of headache pain, patient ratings of muscle tension, and electromyogram recording cross-sectionally. Neither subjective pain nor tension ratings were found to be significantly related to electromyogram levels. The site-specificity relationship between chronic headache pain, subjective report of muscular tension, and electromyogram levels remains unclear.

Physical limitations are not required for chronic pain rehabilitation success.

A high performance, active duty fitness requirement group rehabilitated equally to a low performance needs civilian group, both suffering from disabling chronic pain. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether higher physical performance requirements adversely affected outcome in a chronic pain rehabilitation program. Twenty-three active duty, chronic pain patients were treated along with 22 civilian chronic pain sufferers in a behavior modification, including positive, verbal reinforcement for performance, stress management and family counseling, physical reconditioning, including stretching, strengthening and aerobic conditioning in a slowly progressive fashion to required needs, and narcotic and muscle relaxant detoxification program at a major military medical center. Eighteen patients in each group, representing, respectively, 78 and 82% of the military and civilian participants, successfully completed the inpatient program. Success was defined by (1) elimination of all narcotics and minor tranquilizers, (2) elimination of all physical restrictions that precluded any desired work or play, which required much higher levels for the active duty patients that included: (3) elimination of all physical profile restrictions and (4) objectively passing annual aerobics field test requirements before the program's end. Review of military disability separation records, averaging 24 mo posttreatment, showed that no formerly successful active duty patients had later been discharged because of physical impairments. Of individuals responding to mail questionnaires at an average of 19 mo postprogram, 12 of 14 (86%) initially successful military patients reported continued unrestricted maintenance of physical abilities, whereas 10 of 14 (71%) of the initially successful civilians reported no restrictions in desired activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Habit reversal treatment of temporomandibular disorders: a pilot investigation.

This study evaluated the use of behavior therapy to reduce teeth clenching and grinding as a treatment for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Habit reversal was used to treat three adults with TMD using a multiple baseline across subjects design. The results indicated significant improvement for two of the three subjects including decreased self-reported pain, decreased pain upon muscle palpation, and increased maximum mandibular opening. However, temporomandibular joint sounds were increased. Habit reversal appears to be more effective in reducing the myofascial pain symptoms of TMD than in improving temporomandibular joint functioning.

Production of Lysergic Acid Derivatives in Submerged Culture: IV. Inorganic Nutrition Studies with Claviceps paspali.

The inorganic requirements for growth and alkaloid production by submerged cultures of a lysergic acid alkaloid-producing isolate of Claviceps paspali were determined in a defined medium. The requirement for peak growth was essentially the same as the requirement for maximal alkaloid production in the case of potassium and magnesium. With phosphorus, however, maximal growth was reached at lower levels than those required for maximal alkaloid production. Sulfur was required in smaller amounts for peak alkaloid production than for maximal growth. In the case of iron and zinc, the requirement for maximal alkaloid production was greater than for growth. Manganese and copper could be sufficiently depleted to demonstrate their essentiality for alkaloid production, but their requirements for growth could not be demonstrated.

Muscarine: isolation from cultures of Clitocybe rivulosa.

Muscarine has been iso lared in a yield of 0.013 percent from mycelia of Clitocybe rivulosa grown in the laboratory on a medium supple mented with beer wort. Its reineckate and aurichloride derivatives were pre pared.