Risk factors for omental metastasis and the effect of omentectomy on survival in type 2 endometrial cancer patients.

To investigate the risk factors for occult omental metastasis and the effect of omentectomy on the survival of type 2 endometrial cancer (EC) patients. This study enrolled patients who were diagnosed with high-risk (grade 3, serous, clear cell, undifferentiated, carcinosarcoma, or mixed type) EC between 2000 and 2021 and underwent surgery in our center. Data from 482 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Omentectomy was performed in 405 (84.0%) patients. Omental metastases were detected in 61 (12.7%) patients. Eighteen (29.5%) of these metastases were occult. Adnexal involvement, malignant cytology, and peritoneal spread were independent risk factors for omental metastasis. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 59.5% in patients who underwent omentectomy and 64.7% in those who did not (P = 0.558). In patients with and without omental metastases, the overall 5-year OS rates were 34.9% and 63.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). The 5-year OS rates of patients with a normal omentum, gross tumors, and occult metastases were 63.5%, 26.9%, and 52.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). Omental metastases is not uncommon in type II endometrial cancer; approximately one third of patients have occult metastases. Factors - positive cytology, adnexal involvement, and peritoneal involvement are associated with higher probability of omental metastases.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents detrimental effects of remote ischemia-reperfusion injury on healing of colonic anastomoses.

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) prevents detrimental systemic effects of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury on colonic anastomotic wound healing. METHODS: This experimental study was conducted on 48 male Wistar albino rats. The rats were randomly allocated into four groups and a left colonic anastomosis was performed in all rats: (i) sham-operated group (n = 12), laparatomy without intestinal IR injury; (ii) sham + CAPE group (n = 12), identical to Group 1 except for CAPE treatment (10 µmol/kg, intravenously); (iii) intestinal IR group (n = 12), 60 min of superior mesenteric ischemia followed by reperfusion; and (iv) IR + CAPE-treated group (n = 12) (10 µmol/kg, intravenously, 30 min before the construction of colonic anastomosis). On the postoperative day 7, the rats were subjected to relaparotomy for in vivo measurement of the colonic anastomotic bursting pressure. A colonic segment including the anastomotic site was resected for histopathological evaluation and biochemical analyses. The plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured. Body weight changes were examined. RESULTS: CAPE treatment significantly increased colonic anastomotic bursting pressures, and colonic anastomotic tissue hydroxyproline contents and antioxidant parameters (p < .05), and significantly decreased oxidative stress markers in colonic anastomotic tissues and plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels (p < .05). Histopathological scores were significantly better due to CAPE administration (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly showed that CAPE treatment prevented the delaying effects of remote IR injury on colonic anastomotic wound healing. Further clinical studies are required to determine whether CAPE has a useful role in the enhancement of gastrointestinal anastomotic wound healing during particular surgeries in which IR-induced organ injury occurs.

Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on anastomotic healing in secondary peritonitis.

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on wound healing in left colonic anastomoses in the presence of intraperitoneal sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in a rodent model. METHODS: This experimental study was conducted on 48 male Wistar albino rats. The animals were randomly allocated into four groups and a left colonic anastomosis was performed on the day following sham operation or CLP in all rats: (i) sham-operated control group, laparatomy plus cecal mobilization (n = 12) (Group 1), (ii) sham + CAPE group, identical to Group 1 except for CAPE treatment (10 µmol/kg, intraperitoneally, 30 min before construction of the colonic anastomosis) (n = 12) (Group 2), (iii) CLP group, cecal ligation and puncture (n = 12) (Group 3), and (iv) CLP + CAPE-treated group, 10 µmol/kg, intraperitoneally, 30 min before the construction of colonic anastomosis (n = 12) (Group 4). On the postoperative day 7, the animals were subjected to relaparotomy for in-vivo measurement of the colonic anastomotic bursting pressure. A colonic segment including the anastomotic site was resected for histopathological evaluation and biochemical analyses of hydroxyproline (Hyp) contents, myeloperoxidase (MPO) acivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Body weight changes were examined. RESULTS: CAPE treatment significantly increased colonic anastomotic bursting pressures (p < .05), colonic anastomotic tissue Hyp contents, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant markers (p < .05), and significantly decreased oxidative stress parameters in colonic anastomotic tissues (p < .05). Histopathological scores were significantly better by CAPE administration (p < .05). CONCLUSION: This study clearly showed that CAPE treatment prevented the detrimental effects of intraperitoneal sepsis on colonic anastomotic wound healing. Further clinical studies are required to determine whether CAPE has a useful role in the enhancement of gastrointestinal anastomotic wound healing during particular surgeries in which sepsis-induced organ injury occurs.

Diagnostic dilemma in cytologic features of micropapillary carcinoma of the breast: a report of 2 cases.

BACKGROUND: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare type of breast carcinoma with unique mophologic features and high frequency of axillary lymph node metastasis. Recognizing the IMPC on cytology makes it possible to identify a group of patients with a poor prognosis and may alter the adjuvant treatment. CASES: We reviewed the cytologic features of a 2 IMPC cases 50-year-old women. Both cases included conventional findings of IMPC, such as increased cellularity, cell clusters with angular and papillary configuration without a fibrovascular core, tumor clusters showing an "inside-out" pattern and the presence of single discohesive cells. Of interest, both cases included a few malignant-appearing multinucleated giant cells. The slides of 1 case were included a little mucin in the background of tumor diathesis. There were no psammoma bodies in the smears. CONCLUSION: The cytologic features of IMPC are unique and should be recognized because of its' tendency to infiltrate the axillary lymph nodes. In addition to well-known cytologic features of IMPC, multinucleated giant cells and a scanty amount of mucin should also alert the cytopathologist to the possibility of IMPC.

A probable secondary infertility due to osseous metaplasia of the endometrium.

OBJECTIVE: Osseous metaplasia is a rare pathological entity that affects the uterus and usually appears following abortion, chronic endometritis, metabolic disorders or following LEEP excision of the cervix. CASE: Herein, we present the occurrence of osseous metaplasia in a 27-year-old patient with a history of an abortion 2 years ago and suffering infertility. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the infertility in this patient may be caused by calcification and ossification of fetal tissue retained in the uterus after abortion.