ABSTRACT
The two objectives of this article are: a) to describe the German School Injury Surveillance System and b) to determine major trends and patterns of different school-associated injury indicators. The database covers all children and adolescents from nursery school through university during their time at school and day care, including their way to and from school. Presently, this results in 17.5 million insured young persons, or 21.2% of the German general population. The surveillance system includes two main informational sources: school accident and medical accident reports.In 2003 over 1.5 million school-related injuries received medical attention in Germany. This is an incidence rate of about 86 injuries per 1000 students. Between 1975 and 2003, the mortality rate declined from 23.4 to 7.7 per million. This is a drop of 67% in about 30 years.
Subject(s)
Schools , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Population Surveillance , Wounds and Injuries/mortalityABSTRACT
The refractive indices of BaF(2) thin films have been determined experimentally in the 1-11-microm wavelength range. They are found to be significantly lower than the corresponding bulk values and to vary markedly as a function of the deposition rate. A quarterwavelength optical thickness layer of BaF(2) is shown experimentally to be an effective single-layer antireflection coating for NaCl and KCl surfaces at 10.6-microm wavelength and to have a high damage threshold for high-power cw CO(2) laser radiation.
Subject(s)
Erythema Nodosum/etiology , Yersinia Infections/complications , Child , Erythema Nodosum/microbiology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
391 children received complex chemotherapy according to uniform treatment schedules, proposed by the Hungarian Study Group for Childhood Leukaemia, which was established in 1971. Survival among the patients showed an increasing tendency: more than 50% of patients with ALL are stille alive 3 years after the beginning of treatment. One patient is in complete remission 9 3/4 years after the establishment of the diagnosis. Two types of maintenance therapy were investigated among the patients entered for this study in 1974. "Pulses" with Vincristine-Prednisolone every second month were found to be more optimal than monthly "pulses".
Subject(s)
Leukemia/drug therapy , Age Factors , Child , Cytarabine/therapeutic use , Daunorubicin/therapeutic use , Humans , Hungary , Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Mercaptopurine/therapeutic use , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Thioguanine/therapeutic use , Vincristine/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Leukemia, Lymphoid/complications , Renal Dialysis , Uremia/therapy , Child , Humans , Male , Remission, Spontaneous , Uremia/etiology , Uric Acid/bloodSubject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Waardenburg Syndrome/genetics , Adult , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
In Hungary, the morbidity of leukaemia in children aged 0 to 15 years is 3.6/100,000. The rate of complete remission was 88.5% in ALL and 57.1% in AML. The most important factors limiting survival were infections acquired during induction therapy in 91.3% and during Co irradiation in 66.3% of the patients.
Subject(s)
Leukemia/mortality , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Hungary , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infections/complications , Leukemia/complications , Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Male , Remission, SpontaneousABSTRACT
A girl with juvenile diabetes, liver cirrhosis, and 47,XX,21 +/46,XX chromosomal mosaicism is described. The immunoglobulin pattern suggested an autoimmune process. After prednisolone treatment the IgG level and liver function tests became normal and the liver histology improved.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Adolescent , Biopsy , Child , Chromosome Disorders , Down Syndrome/complications , Female , Humans , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathologySubject(s)
Leukemia, Lymphoid/mortality , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphoid/therapy , Remission, Spontaneous , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Following the review of the literature "achalasia" in 3 brothers of a family with 5 children is reported. Inherited, acquired, constitutional and circumstantional factors may have a role in the manifestation of this rare illness. Surgical intervention (Heller's esophagocardial myotomy) was effective in the treatment for all three children.
