[An attempt to determine the variability of thermal phenotypes in monozygotic twins]. / Fenotypy termiczne blizniat monozygotycznych--próba oceny ich zróznicowania.

INTRODUCTION: All solid bodies emit electromagnetic radiation at temperatures above absolute zero. The radiation spectrum depends, among other factors, on temperature. Thermovision is a method in which an infrared camera is used to record infrared radiation (IR) emitted by human skin. It is widely used in medicine, for instance to diagnose inflammation of the skin, some types of neoplasms, collagenosis, and peripheral vascular disease. The literature, however, lacks reports on the variability in thermal emission by the skin of healthy individuals or twins. Interpretation of the results is based on simply analysing the subject individually or comparing symmetrical body sides. Hence, there is a need to study thermal emission using monozygotic twins as a model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An attempt was made in the present study to determine the variability of thermal phenotypes of faces, backs, and hands in monozygotic twins (MZ), compare thermal emission in MZ and dizygotic twins (DZ), and establish the thermal norm. Using the ThermaCAM SC500 camera, 44 pairs of MZ and 15 pairs of DZ were studied. Descriptive statistics are given as means, standard deviation, and max. and min. values. The following tests were used for statistical analysis: Shapiro-Wilk's, Snedecor's, Brown-Forsythe's, Mann-Whitney's U, and Kruskal-Wallis. Data from the digital image analyser were tested using the cluster analysis methods, especially the k-means method. CONCLUSIONS: The following conclusions were drawn: 1. Full genetic identity does not produce a thermal consistency within the range of isotherms tested, whether in relation to their values or distribution. 2. Differences in the thermal image may have their source in ontogenetic development during intra-uterine and postnatal stages and may be related to individual differences in adaptation to the environment. 3. These results are potentially useful to compare physiological states between individuals and to differentiate pathological changes. 4. The results of this study do not allow for any conclusions regarding the thermal norm. However, a basis has been created for further research in larger samples of the population.

[Artefacts in the anthropologic (craniologic) material at the archives of ZMS PAM--possible diagnostic difficulties]. / Artefakty w materiale antropologicznym (kraniologicznym) ZMS PAM--mozliwe trudnosci diagnostyczne.

In the study we presented some of the more interesting forms of artefacts which had been documented during last 7 years of the anthropological laboratory of the Forensic Med. Department of the Pomeranian Med. Univ. We also present the outgoing conclusions concerning the possible diagnostic difficulties. The descriptions of archaeological as well as autopsy-derived material were included. The anthropological analysis was made using data contained in the classic works of literature, which included cranioscopy. The longitudinal and transversal intersections of skulls were used for the analysis of their deformations.

[Application of anthropometric methods in comparative identification based on monitoring recordings]. / Zastosowanie metod antropometrycznych w identyfikacji porównawczej na podstawie zapisów systemów monitoringu.

In recent years more and more often cases have occurred concerning identification of suspects of various crimes for eg. car theft from parking lots in front of supermarkets or money from ATMS. It often happens that such places are monitored twenty-four hours a day. Still, both the quality of cameras and their location in the wrong places cause the recordings to be illegible. In the present pager, we present two cases of this type, where by applying computer graphics and anthropometric methods contributed to identification of law-breakers.

[Dating the time of death of an unknown individual on the basis of remnants of material culture--a case study]. / Datowanie czasu zgonu NN osobnika na podstawie zabytków kultury materialnej--opis przypadku.

The anthropological laboratory of the Forensic Medicine Department PAM carries out a lot of cases concerning identification on the basis of skeletal remains. Standard procedures are: anthropological analysis, estimation of time of burial of the remains, characteristics of morbid changes and the cause of death as well as skull based face reconstruction and super-projection. Very often some tiny details can be useful while answering questions relating to the origin of the remains, time of death, or identity of an unknown individual. In the described case, the key method was analysis of two pieces of clothing found inside the skull.

[A case of considerable incongruence between the expected and actual height of an individual, who was identified with methods of super-projection and comparative testing of DNA]. / Przypadek znaczacej niezgodnosci miedzy wzrostem naleznym a rzeczywistym u osobnika zidentyfikowanego metodami superprojekcji i badan porównawczych DNA.

Anthropology is used, among others, in forensic medicine for identification of skeletal remains. The case we would like to introduce concerns the remains of an unknown man, which were subjected to identification tests in anthropological laboratory of the Forensic Medicine Department PAM. Anthropological analysis let us define the basic distinctive features, on the basis of which police selected an individual, whose features corresponded with the collected data. To confirm identity we used the super-projection method. We obtained the superposition of the estimation craniometric and cephalometric points which were suitable for, which was absolutely sufficient to regard the super-projection as successful. Comparing anthropometric features of the unknown man and appointed individual we noted considerable differences in height values. Comparative research of DNA, however, confirmed the individual's identity.