What do female medical students know about planned oocyte cryopreservation and what are their personal attitudes?

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess medical student knowledge and attitudes regarding oocyte cryopreservation, as well as attitudes regarding future intentions of utilizing this procedure. METHODS: This cross-sectional web-based survey study was distributed to 873 medical students at the University of Kansas from July through September 2018. The survey was self-reported and female medical student responses were analyzed. Students were surveyed through a variety of multiple-choice questions on demographics, knowledge of oocyte cryopreservation, and factors and attitudes that would impact personal and professional use of oocyte cryopreservation. RESULTS: A total of 122 female responses were collected (30%). A majority of female medical students were aware of oocyte cryopreservation, less than half correctly identified a dramatic drop in female fertility as well as oocyte cryopreservation success and cost-effectiveness. Three-quarters felt pressure to delay childbearing and nearly two-thirds would consider freezing their oocytes. Several factors were found to alter their decision toward oocyte cryopreservation including personal factors, procedure complexity and availability, and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: A majority of female medical students are amenable to the possibility of using oocyte cryopreservation to delay childbearing. Though nearly all knew of oocyte cryopreservation, knowledge regarding fertility and oocyte cryopreservation was low.

Variations in Postpartum Opioid Prescribing Practices among Obstetrician-Gynecologists.

Introduction: There have been many efforts to combat the United States opioid crisis that has been occurring for the past two decades, specifically with postpartum patients that often were prescribed opioids. Prior studies described how accounting for usage of inpatient opioids on the day prior to discharge had an impact on how much discharge opioids were prescribed on the day of discharge. These studies provided a guideline to use the inpatient opioid amount from the day before discharge to determine discharge opioid quantity and minimize how much was being prescribed. In July 2018, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (ACOG) published Committee Opinion 742, guidelines for obstetricians-gynecologists about post-partum pain management. Prescription pain medications (including opioids, if necessary) require a shared decision-making approach between the physician and patient to determine the medication type and quantity. This study aimed to determine if there were differences in prescribing practices based on the specific post-operative day that opioid prescriptions were written, and if there were differences in the prescribing practices for cesarean deliveries following the publication of ACOG Committee Opinion 742. Methods: This retrospective chart review included patients who had a live cesarean birth at one rural Midwest facility anytime between July 1, 2017 and February 28, 2021. This study excluded those with chorioamnionitis and those discharged after more than four days. Opioid amounts were converted to oral morphine milligram equivalents (MME) for comparison, and total MME was calculated for each prescription. Patients were stratified into two groups based on the day that their discharge opioid medication prescriptions were written (i.e., a day prior to discharge or the day of discharge). Patients were also stratified based on date of delivery, before or after the publication of ACOG Committee Opinion 742. Results: Of 411 cesarean patients, 93.9% (n = 386) had opioids prescribed at discharge, 86% (n = 330) of whom received a prescription written on the day of discharge. There was no difference in the quantity of MMEs, doses per day, or dosage from discharge prescriptions between those written on the day of discharge and those written on a prior day. Patients whose deliveries occurred after the publication of ACOG Committee Opinion 742 (63.9%, n = 263) received discharge prescriptions with fewer average MMEs (159.53 ± 61.64) than those whose deliveries occurred before the publication (36%, n = 148; 187.35 ± 53.42; χ2 (1, N = 411) = 17.71; p < 0.001), and they were prescribed fewer doses per day. Conclusions: After cesarean sections, the specific post-operative day did not seem to impact the prescribing trends as there were no differences in MMEs, doses per day, or dosage between prescriptions that were written on the day of discharge and before the day of discharge. Patients whose deliveries occurred after the publication of ACOG Committee Opinion 742 received discharge prescriptions with fewer MMEs, fewer doses per day, and the same dosage than those whose deliveries occurred before the publication, reflecting the overall national trend of decreasing prescription opioids over these years.

Preventive Care Utilization among Rural versus Urban Women 12 Months Prior to Pregnancy.

Introduction: Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States occurs in 32.3 per 100,000 live births. Rural maternal mortality rates were even higher, and these patients were less likely to receive routine care. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare primary and prenatal care and health behaviors among perinatal mothers living in rural and urban Kansas. Methods: Data were collected from 1,971 pregnant women who participated in Phase 8 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) for Kansas between 2016 and 2018. Respondent location (urban or rural based on NIH classification) was abstracted from birth certificates and frequencies of healthcare visits and secondary healthcare variables were compared. Results: Most respondents (75.1%, n = 1,481) resided in an urban area. Most (84.4%, n = 1,664) women were Caucasian, and the largest category (31.1%, n = 613) was 25 to 29 years old. More urban women reported visiting an obstetrician/gynecologist within 12 months before pregnancy than rural women (p < 0.0001). Urban women reported attending pre-pregnancy dental visits (p = 0.019) and teeth cleanings (p = 0.004) more than rural women. Of the 35.7% of respondents (n = 516) who reported receiving pre-pregnancy counseling on folic acid, prenatal vitamins, or multivitamins, 78.9% (n = 407) resided in an urban area. Conclusions: Rural women reported fewer routine primary and prenatal care behaviors compared to their urban counterparts. Efforts are needed to improve access to obstetrician/gynecologist services, especially for women in rural areas.