ABSTRACT
Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster (Poaceae) is an exotic species with has spread rapidly through the Cerrado area of Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It has covered the soil aggressively turning it into cultivated pastures. Thus, it has become a challenge to protect native areas due its capacity of exclusion of native species. It has been observed that Microlobius foetidus (Jacq.) M.Sousa & G.Andrade species (Fabaceae) shows a dominant pattern over the development of U. decumbens. This work shows that M. foetidus interfere on the natural growth of U. decumbens within 10 m ratio. Between 15 and 20 m, it was observed an increase of Importance Value index (IVI) and Relative cover (RC) values. It was also observed a variation on the antioxidant defense system of U. decumbens within 10m ratio from M. foetidus. The enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase present higher levels of activity then those found for glutathione reductase. This data indicates that M. foetidus may have an effect on U. decumbens, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This effect probably happens as means to neutralize the toxic effects of the oxygen generated due to the presence of allelochemicals, which increases oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Brachiaria/metabolism , Fabaceae/physiology , Oxidative Stress , Introduced SpeciesABSTRACT
A monoterpene indole alkaloid, psychollatine ( 1), was isolated from Psychotria umbellata leaves. Its structure was characterized by interpretation of spectroscopic data and by comparison of its NMR data with those of croceaine A ( 2) from Palicourea crocea. The configuration of psychollatine ( 1) was established by NOE difference and circular dichroism (CD) techniques, while its conformation was evaluated through molecular modeling studies and NMR coupling constants.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Indole Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Psychotria/chemistry , Alkaloids/chemistry , Brazil , Glycosides/chemistry , Indole Alkaloids/chemistry , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
A atividade antibacteriana das flores da Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. (Leguminosae) foi avaliada pelo método de difusão em disco. As bactérias testadas foram: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 1228), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). O meio de cultura utilizado foi ágar Müeller-Hinton. Foram utilizados discos de papel (6 mm de diâmetro) impregnados com 1000, 500, 250 e 125 mg dos extratos: Etanol Bruto, fração Acetato de Etila e fração Diclorometano obtidas a partir do extrato etanólico bruto. Os resultados indicam que as amostras avaliadas exercem ação contra as cepas gram positivo testadas, em graus variáveis sendo que a fração Acetato de Etila apresentou maior atividade. A triagem fitoquímica indicou a presença de fenóis e flavonoides nas flores de A. podalyriifolia.
The antibacterial activity of the flowers of Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. (Leguminosae) was evaluated through the gel diffusion method. The bacteria tested were: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 1228), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The culture media was agar Müeller-Hinton. Paper discs (6 mm in diameter) with 1000, 500, 250 e 125 mg of the tested extracts (crude ethanolic and its fractions; Ethyl Acetate and Dichloromethane) were used. The results indicated action against the gram-positive tested strains in different levels. The Ethyl Acetate extract showed a higher activity. Phenols and flavonoids were detected in the flowers of A. podalyriifolia through phytochemical screening.
ABSTRACT
Ottonia martiana Miq., Piperaceae, conhecida na medicina popular brasileira como "anestésia", é um arbusto característico da Floresta Atlântica. Devido à ação anestésica sobre a mucosa oral, raízes e partes aéreas são popularmente utilizadas em dores de dente, na forma de alcoolaturas (bochechos) ou pela mastigação de fragmentos de partes da planta. Como os microrganismos estão adquirindo resistência aos antibióticos tradicionais, a procura por novos agentes antimicrobianos, a partir de plantas, vem sendo intensificada. Nesta perspectiva, avaliou-se o efeito antimicrobiano do extrato bruto etanólico dos órgãos totais desta espécie (EBEtOH) frente às bactérias Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 6569), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), utilizando-se os métodos de difusão em ágar e bioautografia. Os resultados obtidos por difusão em ágar mostraram que o EBEtOH de O. martiana apresenta potencial antibacteriano contra E. faecium, evidenciado pelo aparecimento de zonas de inibição de crescimento no respectivo bioautograma e não demonstraram ação antimicrobiana contra as outras cepas testadas.
Ottonia martiana Miq., Piperaceae, known in Brazilian folk medicine as "anestésia", is an herbaceous shrub found in Atlantic Tropical Forest. Due to its anesthetic action on the mucous membranes of the mouth, roots and aerial parts are commonly used to relief toothache, usually as alcoholic macerates (mouth washing) or by chewing parts of the plant. As most microorganisms are acquiring resistance to traditional antibiotics, the search for new antimicrobials agents, specially from plants, is being intensified. Based on this, the activity of the crude ethanolic extract from roots and aerial parts (EBEtOH) of O. martiana against Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 6569), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) was evaluated using the agar difusion and bioautographic methods. Results from the agar diffusion assay showed that O. martiana EBEtOH has a potencial effect against E. faecium, which was corroborated by the presence of inhibition zones in the bioautographic test, whereas no inhibitory action against the other assayed bacteria was observed.
ABSTRACT
Avaliou-se a atividade antibacteriana de extratos das folhas de Acacia longifolia (Andr.) Willd., através do método da difusão em gel. Os extratos foram incorporados em discos de papel, e foi verificado o efeito sobre o crescimento de bactérias patogênicas ao homem: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11129) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027). Verificou-se que o extrato etanólico bruto, a fração acetato de etila e a fração etanólica remanescente inibiram o crescimento de S. aureus, mas não o de E. coli; somente o extrato etanólico bruto inibiu, em menor grau o crescimento de P. aeruginosa. A triagem fitoquímica indicou a presença de taninos, leucoantocianidinas, flavonóides e triterpenos/esteróides nas folhas de A. longifolia.
The antibacterial activity of the extracts of Acacia longifolia (Andr.) Willd. leaves was evaluated by the gel diffusion method. The extracts were incorporated in paper discs and it was verified the effect on the human pathogenic bacteria growth. The tested bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11129) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027). The crude ethanolic extract, the ethyl acetate and the remained ethanolic fractions showed growth inhibition of S. aureus, only the crude ethanilic extract showed, in lower extension, growth inhibition of P. aeruginosa and no growth inhibition at all of E. coli. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of tannins, leucoanthocianidins, flavonoids and triterpene/steroids.
ABSTRACT
Ottonia martiana Miq., arbusto da família Piperaceae, é conhecida na medicina popular brasileira como "anestésica". Raízes e partes aéreas são utilizadas em alcoolaturas para aliviar dores de dente, devido à ação anestésica sobre a mucosa bucal. Avaliou-se a atividade antibacteriana "in vitro" dos extratos desta planta medicinal contra duas bactérias presentes na placadentária: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) e Staphylococcus epidermis (ATCC 12228). Extratos de caules e raízes de Ottonia martiana exibiram uma baixa atividade inibitória sobre o crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus, não apresentaram ação antimicrobiana sobre a outra bactéria testada e exibiram frações que inibiram o desenvolvimento de Staphylococcus aureus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plant Extracts , Plants, Medicinal , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Anesthetics/chemistry , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Dental Plaque/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Brachycerine (1), an unusual alkaloid from the leaves of Psychotria brachyceras, was characterized through spectroscopic data interpretation and its stereochemistry established by NOE difference techniques. Brachycerine (1) was found to be restricted to shoots in rooted cuttings of P. brachyceras (0.018 +/- 0.004% dry weight), and accumulation was unaffected by root induction treatment with auxin.
