[Pregnancy after tubal sterilization. Experience at the University Hospital Center of Dakar]. / Grossesse après stérilisation tubaire. Expérience du CHU de Dakar.

Between January 1991 and December 1996, 856 women had a tubal sterilization by minilaparotomy under local anesthesia in obstetric and gynaecologic clinic of University Teaching Hospital of Dakar. Among her 5 became pregnant after 7 to 54 months (mean 19 months). The failure rate is 5.84 per 1,000; all 5 women had intra-uterine pregnancy. The women were age 35-43 years (mean 38 years) and multiparity with 8 children. The main causes of failure was technical error and tubal peritoneal fistula. Favorables factors has been represented by inexperience of surgeons and also per-operations difficulties particularly dues to strucked fallopian tubes. 4 has delivered a healthy child with one by cesarean section, in 3 cases she decided to be sterilized again after delivery.

[Complications of tubal sterilization by minilaparotomy under local anesthesia]. / Complications de la stérilisation tubaire par minilaparotomie sous anesthésie locale.

Between January 1, 1991 and June 30, 1996, physicians performed 800 cases of tubal ligation via minilaparotomy under local anaesthesia in the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic of the Dakar University Teaching Hospital (Senegal). There were complications in 7 (0.87%) cases (bladder and bowel injuries: 6 cases, and post operative infection: 1 case). The most frequent risk factors were: surgeon skill (lack of experience of surgeon in minilaparotomy), type of patients (obesity, previous abdominal surgery). It was concluded, proper training and experience of the surgical team is needed to minimize sterilization related complications.

PIP: Although only a small percentage of reproductive-aged women in Africa opt for sexual sterilization, it is the most widely used method of family planning worldwide. Most female sterilizations in Africa are performed using minilaparotomy under local anesthesia. While this approach offers benefits, especially when only inadequate equipment is available, it can also result in operation-related consequences. Results are presented from a retrospective study of records on 7 cases involving complications recorded at the Gynecological and Obstetrical Clinic of the University Hospital in Dakar in a series of 800 tubal ligations performed using minilaparotomy under local anesthesia between the beginning of January and the end of June 1996. The complication rate of 0.87% is comparable to that reported in the literature. There were 3 cases of bladder injury, 3 cases of bowel injury, and 1 case of post-operative infection. The injuries, of which the average length was 1.5 cm, were repaired immediately under general anesthesia. The tubal ligation was then performed. Main risk factors for complications were operator inexperience and the poor choice of candidates being obese and having histories of abdominal surgery. Despite the possibility of complications, tubal ligation through minilaparotomy under local anesthesia should be considered simple, safe, and affordable.

Purification of an infection-related, extracellular peroxidase from barley.

Increases in two extracellular peroxidases were observed following inoculation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with the powdery mildew pathogen (Erysiphe graminis DC.: Fr. f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal). The more prominent isozyme, P8.5, was purified from intercellular wash fluids by acetone precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration. Purified P8.5 is a heme-containing, glycoprotein with a M(r) of 35,000. It has eight cysteine residues. A highly specific, high-titer antiserum to deglycosylated P8.5 was produced.

Biochemical data bearing on the relationship between the genome of Triticum urartu and the A and B genomes of the polyploid wheats.

To determine whether the Triticum urartu genome is more closely related to the A or B genome of the polyploid wheats, the amino acid sequence of its purothionin was compared to the amino acid sequences of the purothionins in Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum, and Triticum aestivum. The residue sequence of the purothionin from T. urartu differs by five and six amino acid substitutions respectively from the alpha 1 and alpha 2 forms coded for by genes in the B and D genomes, and is identical to the beta form specified by a gene in the A genome. Therefore, the T. urartu purothionin is either coded by a gene in the A genome or a chromosome set highly homologous to it. The results demonstrate that at least a portion of the T. urartu and T. monococcum genomes is homologous and probably identical. A variety of other studies have also shown that T. urartu is very closely related to T. monococcum and, in all likelihood, also possesses the A genome. Therefore, it could be argued that either T. urartu and T. monococcum are the same species or that T. urartu rather than T. monococcum is the source of the A genome in T. turgidum and T. aestivum. Except for Johnson's results, our data and that of others suggest a revised origin of polyploid wheats. Specifically, the list of six putative B genome donor species is reduced to five, all members of the Sitopsis section of the genus Aegilops.