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1.
Malar J ; 17(1): 94, 2018 Feb 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29471881

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In this semi-field study, a new polymer-enhanced deltamethrin formulation, K-Othrine® PolyZone, was compared to a standard deltamethrin product for residual activity against a susceptible strain of laboratory-reared Anopheles gambiae using standard WHO cone bioassays. METHODS: Residual insecticide efficacy was recorded after exposure to metal, cement and wood panels maintained in experimental huts in sub-tropical environmental conditions in north central Florida, USA, and panels stored in a climate controlled chamber located at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Georgia, USA. CONCLUSIONS: K-Othrine® PolyZone demonstrated 100% control on metal and cement panels 1 year post application and > 80% control on wood panels up to 6 mo. The new formulation should be considered for use in indoor residual spray programmes requiring long-term control of malaria vectors.


Subject(s)
Anopheles/drug effects , Anopheles/growth & development , Construction Materials , Insecticides/pharmacology , Nitriles/pharmacology , Pyrethrins/pharmacology , Animals , Biological Assay , Drug Interactions , Florida , Georgia , Survival Analysis
2.
PLoS One ; 13(1): e0191555, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29352307

ABSTRACT

We conducted aerial fixed wing ultra low volume (ULV) spray trials with naled to investigate penetration of exposed and simulated cryptic habitat within opened buildings, partially sealed buildings, and outdoor locations targeting sentinel adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in north central Florida. Mortality was observed in open and closed buildings and outdoors, even in mosquitoes placed in cryptic habitats. Observations on the impact of building type, mosquito exposure method such as placement in cryptic habitat, and spray nozzle size on mosquito mortality are described and analyzed.


Subject(s)
Aedes , Insecticides , Mosquito Control/methods , Naled , Aedes/virology , Animals , Computer Simulation , Ecosystem , Florida , Humans , Insect Vectors/virology , Rural Health , Urban Health , Zika Virus , Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control , Zika Virus Infection/transmission
3.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc ; 34(3): 224-232, 2018 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31442176

ABSTRACT

United States military troops in the field are exposed to the environment and are thus at high risk for transmission of arboviruses, and degradation of mission from continual harassment from insects. Passive vector control, such as application of residual insecticides to US military materials common in the field such as tents and camouflage netting, has been shown to be effective and can contribute to a successful integrated vector management (IVM) plan in the field to reduce this risk. However, other common US military field materials have not been evaluated with residual pesticides. In this study we conducted the first known investigation of the efficacy and longevity of a residual pesticide containing λ-cyhalothrin applied to HESCO® blast protection wall geotextile. We exposed treated material to a temperate Florida environment and found that this treatment can be effective against sand flies, filth-breeding flies, and mosquitoes for at least 6 wk. This study provides evidence that residual treatment of this US military material may be leveraged as an IVM component to enhance the US Department of Defense pest management system.


Subject(s)
Culex , Insect Control , Muscidae , Nitriles , Pesticide Residues , Phlebotomus , Pyrethrins , Animals , Florida , Houseflies , Insecticides , Mosquito Control
4.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc ; 30(3): 191-8, 2014 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25843094

ABSTRACT

Sprayer comparisons and larval morality assays were conducted following SR450 backpack mist blower and Superhawk XP thermal fogger applications of Vectobac® WDG Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) against Culex quinquefasciatus. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was applied at maximum label rate in a 232.26-m(2) field plot located in north-central Florida with containers placed at 2 heights (ground level and 1.52 m above ground) on stakes positioned 3.04, 6.09, 9.14, 12.19, and 15.24 m from the spray line. Results indicated that there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in 24- and 48-h larval mortality between the 2 sprayers or between the 2 heights. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) among the 5 rows, with mortality continuously decreasing with increasing distance from sprayer. Both sprayers provided on average >70% larval mortality 3.04-9.14 m from the spray line, and <60% mortality at 12.19 and 15.24 m. The data suggest that the SR450 and Superhawk XP may be comparable sprayers for use with Bti to control mosquito larvae.


Subject(s)
Bacillus thuringiensis/pathogenicity , Culex/microbiology , Mosquito Control/methods , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Animals , Culex/growth & development , Florida , Larva/growth & development , Larva/microbiology , Mosquito Control/instrumentation , Pest Control, Biological/instrumentation
5.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc ; 26(2): 183-97, 2010 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20649128

ABSTRACT

Ultra-low-volume (ULV) and thermal fog aerosol dispersals of pesticides have been used against mosquitoes and other insects for half a century. Although each spray technology has advantages and disadvantages, only 7 studies have been identified that directly compare their performance in the field. US military personnel currently operating in hot-arid environments are impacted by perpetual nuisance and disease vector insect problems, despite adulticide operations using modern pesticide-delivery equipment such as ULV. None of the identified comparative studies has looked at the relative feasibility and efficacy of ULV and thermal fog equipment against mosquitoes in hot-arid environments. In this study we examine the impact of ULV and thermal fog applications of malathion against caged sentinel mosquitoes in the field in a warm temperate area of Florida, followed by a similar test in a hot-dry desert area of southern California. Patterns of mortality throughout 150 m x 150 m grids of sentinel mosquitoes indicate greater efficacy from the thermal fog application in both environments under suboptimal ambient weather conditions. We discuss the implications of these findings for future military preventive medicine activities and encourage further investigations into the relative merits of the 2 technologies for force health protection.


Subject(s)
Culicidae/drug effects , Environment , Malathion/administration & dosage , Malathion/pharmacology , Mosquito Control/instrumentation , Mosquito Control/methods , Aerosols , Animals , Insecticides/administration & dosage , Insecticides/pharmacology
6.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc ; 21(2): 144-6, 2005 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16035153

ABSTRACT

Although the 1st published record of Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus in Georgia (Rabun County) occurred in 2004, we report here a 2002 collection and identification in Fulton County, Georgia (metro Atlanta). The finding of Oc. j. japonicus in Fulton County represents the most southern record of this species in the United States to date. Also, subsequent collections in North Carolina and 4 additional counties in northeast Georgia are reported.


Subject(s)
Ochlerotatus , Animals , Georgia , Mosquito Control , North Carolina
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