ABSTRACT
Oxidative stress during peripartum period may compromise the uterine immunity. In the present study, we assessed the oxidative stress and antioxidant status during peripartum period and studied their relationship with postpartum uterine infection in dairy cows. Peripheral blood concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined (day -21, -7, on the day of calving and day +7, +21, +35) in normal (n=11), puerperal metritic (n=7) and clinical endometritic (n=6) cows. Endometrial biopsy was performed on the day of calving and expression of CAT, GPx4 and SOD2 genes was studied using qRT-PCR. Puerperal metritic cows had significantly (P<0.05) lower TAC (on day -7, day 0, day +7, +21 & +35), higher MDA (on day -21, -7 & on the day of calving) and NO (on day 0, +7 & day +35) concentrations compared to normal cows. Similarly, clinical endometritic cows had significantly (P<0.05) lower TAC (on day -7, 0, +7 & +21), higher MDA (on day -21, -7, +7 and +35) and NO (on day +7, +21 & +35) concentrations compared to normal cows. The expression of CAT and GPx4 genes was lower (P<0.05) and SOD2 gene was higher (P<0.05) in endometrial tissue of cows that developed uterine infection compared to normal cows. The relationship of peripheral levels of MDA and NO with antioxidant enzymes expression in endometrial tissue was found significant. Receiver operator characteristic analysis revealed that the concentrations of TAC on day -7 to day +35, MDA on day -21 to day +7 and NO on the day of calving to day +35 were highly correlated to the development of postpartum uterine infection in cows. It may be inferred that the low serum TAC level and high level of lipid peroxidation and NO during peripartum period influenced the endometrial expression of anitioxidative genes that compromised the uterine health during postpartum period.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/analysis , Cattle Diseases , Endometrium/chemistry , Oxidative Stress/genetics , Puerperal Disorders , Uterine Diseases , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Blood Chemical Analysis/veterinary , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/blood , Cattle Diseases/genetics , Endometritis/blood , Endometritis/genetics , Endometrium/metabolism , Enzymes/blood , Enzymes/genetics , Female , Lipid Peroxidation/genetics , Malondialdehyde/blood , Nitric Oxide/blood , Peripartum Period/blood , Peripartum Period/genetics , Postpartum Period/blood , Postpartum Period/genetics , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/genetics , Puerperal Disorders/blood , Puerperal Disorders/genetics , Puerperal Disorders/veterinary , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Uterine Diseases/blood , Uterine Diseases/geneticsABSTRACT
The outdoor noise levels from the various work places of the integrated steel plant were measured. The average noise level (L(eqst)) at the outdoor was found between 59-84 dBA. The combined noise level (L(eq)) of the plant was 90 dBA and 92 dBA on 1.12.2006 and 1612.2006, respectively. The noise levels in the far fields were found between 43-70 dBA for daytime and meet the noise quality for industrial (75 dBA) area and residential (55 dBA) areas. Maximum attenuation of 47-49 dBA of noise level was found at worker's colony and may be attributed mainly to the ground absorption. As the air quality standards of the area in respect of noise in the ambient is tending to increase, engineering control measures suggested to the noisiest equipments for better economically viable and higher payback period.
