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1.
Resuscitation ; 47(3): 259-65, 2000 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11114455

ABSTRACT

Accidents in developing countries are frequent and have high mortality and morbidity rates. In Brazil, in 1995-1996, the year of this study, life supporting first aid (LSFA), which includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) basic life support (BLS) was not taught in schools. With the population of 165 million, the only way to teach the adult population on a large scale would be by television (TV), that is widely viewed. This study compares two groups of factory employees - 86 controls without TV exposure to LSFA and 116 exposed to brief LSFA skill demonstrations on TV. Their ability to acquire eight LSFA skills was evaluated: external hemorrhage control; immobilization of a suspected forearm fracture; treatment of a skin burn by cold flush; body alignment after a fall; positioning for shock and coma; airway control by backward tilt of the head; and CPR (steps A-B-C). Simulated skill performance on the evaluating nurse or manikin was tested at 1 week, 1 month, and 13 months. In the control group, 1-31% performed individual skills correctly; as compared to 9-96% of the television group (P<0.001). There was excellent retention over 13 months. Over 50% of the television group performed correctly five of the eight skills, including positioning and hemorrhage control. Television viewing increased correct airway control performance from 5 to 25% of trainees, while it remained at 3% in the control group. CPR-ABC performance, however, was very poor in both groups. We conclude that a significant proportion of factory workers can acquire simple LSFA skills through television viewing alone, except for the skill acquisition of CPR steps B (mouth-to-mouth ventilation) and C (external chest compressions) which need coached manikin practice.


Subject(s)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/education , First Aid , Teaching/methods , Television , Adult , Brazil , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/statistics & numerical data , Female , First Aid/methods , First Aid/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Manikins , Middle Aged , Random Allocation , Teaching/statistics & numerical data
2.
Am J Med Genet Suppl ; 3: 433-43, 1987.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3130878

ABSTRACT

At various gestational periods, caffeine was injected intra-arterially or intraperitoneally into pregnant rats. The teratogenic effects of caffeine on the fetal heart were dose dependent and detectable at relatively low concentrations. The most susceptible stage was during septation of the heart. The most common cardiovascular malformation was ventricular septal defect. Extracardiovascular anomalies, such as decreased thymic weight and degeneration of the lens, were found in all fetuses; skeletal malformations were found in some fetuses.


Subject(s)
Caffeine/toxicity , Heart Defects, Congenital/chemically induced , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/pathology , Animals , Bone and Bones/abnormalities , Caffeine/administration & dosage , Caffeine/blood , Female , Lens, Crystalline/abnormalities , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Pregnancy , Rats , Teratogens , Thymus Gland/abnormalities
3.
J Neurosurg ; 64(4): 650-6, 1986 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3950748

ABSTRACT

The authors report a study of the cerebral vasculature of premature rabbits pertaining to the germinal matrix (GM). A pigmented silicone material (Microfil) was injected into the carotid artery of anesthetized rabbits. Methyl methacrylate vascular casts of a similar group of premature rabbits were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The GM is supplied by arteries from both the basal and convexity surfaces of the brain. Vessels could be identified as arteries or veins by their typical patterns of branching and by the characteristic impressions made on the methyl methacrylate casts by endothelial nuclei. Specific evidence of structural weaknesses in the vasculature, which could be a site of predilection for GM bleeding, was not observed. The similarities in basal ganglia vasculature between premature rabbits and humans justifies using the rabbit model to study vascular aspects of the GM and intraventricular hemorrhage.


Subject(s)
Brain/blood supply , Germ Layers/blood supply , Animals , Brain/ultrastructure , Germ Layers/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Rabbits
4.
J Bone Joint Surg Am ; 66(7): 1072-6, 1984 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6207177

ABSTRACT

We obtained human cruciate ligaments at the time of total knee replacement and from autopsy and amputation specimens, and examined histological sections of the ligaments for the presence of mechanoreceptors using the Bodian, Bielschowsky, and Ranvier gold-chloride stains for axons and nerve-endings. The cruciate ligaments obtained at the time of total knee replacement were too distorted by disease processes to be of use. The autopsy and amputation specimens, however, contained fusiform mechanoreceptor structures measuring 200 by seventy-five micrometers, with a single axon exiting from the capsule of the receptor. One to three receptors were found at the surface of each ligament beneath the synovial membrane, and were absent from the joint capsules and menisci. Morphologically the receptors resembled Golgi tendon organs, and it seems likely that they provide proprioceptive information and contribute to reflexes inhibiting injurious movements of the knee. This is the first histological demonstration of mechanoreceptors in human cruciate ligaments.


Subject(s)
Knee Joint/innervation , Ligaments, Articular/innervation , Mechanoreceptors/anatomy & histology , Aged , Axons/cytology , Humans , Mechanoreceptors/physiology , Middle Aged , Proprioception , Staining and Labeling
5.
Ann Neurol ; 2(1): 49-56, 1977 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-409336

ABSTRACT

Telencephalic white matter of the neonatal kitten frequently contained diffuse astrogliosis or focal necrosis (sometimes including the thalamus and the caudate) following a single intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. No evidence for a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was found. Telencephalic lesions in neonatal monkey and rabbit were also hemorrhagic. Enhanced karyorrhexis of glial nuclei was presented in the telencephalic white matter of the neonatal rat. In the kitten, a delay in the generation of macrophages and hypertrophic astrocytes occurs following transient neonatal endotoxemia. Marked weight loss and temperature fluctuation are prominent systemic effects. Large hemispheric cavitary lesions are not accompanied by obvious neurological deficits in the kitten.


Subject(s)
Animals, Newborn , Brain Diseases/chemically induced , Endotoxins/toxicity , Animals , Brain Diseases/pathology , Brain Diseases/physiopathology , Cats , Cysts/chemically induced , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Endotoxins/administration & dosage , Haplorhini , Macaca mulatta , Neuroglia/pathology , Rabbits , Rats , Telencephalon/pathology
6.
J Neurol Sci ; 27(2): 183-91, 1976 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1249585

ABSTRACT

Prolonged exposure of the neonatal kitten to a lipopolysaccharide results in a telencephalic leucoencephalopathy characterized by astrogliosis and necrosis. The visceral organs of neonatal kittens and the telencephalon of mature cats are relatively resistent to the adverse effects of this lipopolysaccharide.


Subject(s)
Animals, Newborn , Disease Models, Animal , Endotoxins/toxicity , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/chemically induced , Telencephalon , Age Factors , Animals , Cats , Cysts/chemically induced , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Endotoxins/administration & dosage , Gliosis/chemically induced , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/pathology , Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity , Necrosis/chemically induced
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