The Effect of Robotic Rehabilitation on Hand Functions and Quality of Life in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the impact of robotic hand rehabilitation on hand function and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy. DESIGN: Children with cerebral palsy aged 7-16 years were divided into robotic rehabilitation (n = 9) or conventional rehabilitation (n = 10) groups for hand rehabilitation of 30 sessions. The primary outcomes were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity, and Box and Block Test. The secondary outcomes were the Manual Ability Classification System, Modified Ashworth Scale, hand grasp and finger strengths, ABILHAND-Kids, Functional Independence Measure for Children, and PedsQL Quality of Life Inventory-CP Module. RESULTS: In the robotic rehabilitation group, a significant improvement was found in all parameters after treatment (p < 0.05), except for the Functional Independence Measure (p = 0.081). In the conventional rehabilitation group, there was significant improvement after treatment in the Modified Ashworth Scale, Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity, hand grasp strength, Box and Block Test, ABILHAND-Kids, and PedsQL Quality of Life Inventory-CP Module (p < 0.05). Before and after treatment, all outcome parameters in the groups were similar (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Robotic hand rehabilitation is effective in improving motor function, manual dexterity, spasticity and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy. However, it was not demonstrated to be superior to conventional rehabilitation.

Genetic imaging study with [Tc-99m] TRODAT-1 SPECT in adolescents with ADHD using OROS-methylphenidate.

AIM: To examine theeffects on the brain of 2-month treatment withamethylphenidate extended-release formulation (OROS-MPH) using [Tc-99m] TRODAT-1SPECT in a sample of treatment-naïve adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In addition, to assess whether risk alleles (homozygosity for 10-repeat allele at the DAT1 gene were associated with alterations in striatal DAT availability. METHODS: Twenty adolescents with ADHD underwent brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans with [Tc-99m] TRODAT-1 at baseline and two months after starting OROS-MPH treatment with dosages up to 1 mg/kg/day. Severity of illness was estimated using the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S) and DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale-Clinician version (ARS) before treatment,1 month and 2 months after initiating OROS-MPH treatment. RESULTS: Decreased DAT availability was found in both the right caudate (pretreatment DAT binding: 224.76 ±â€¯33.77, post-treatment DAT binding: 208.86 ±â€¯28.75, p = 0.02) and right putamen (pre-treatment DAT binding: 314.41 ±â€¯55.24, post-treatment DAT binding: 285.66 ±â€¯39.20, p = 0.05) in adolescents with ADHD receiving OROS-MPH treatment. Adolescents with ADHD who showed a robust response to OROS-MPH (n = 7) had significantly greater reduction of DAT density in the right putamen than adolescents who showed less robust response to OROS-MPH (n = 13) (p = 0.02). However, between-group differences by treatment responses were not related with DAT density in the right caudate. Risk alleles (homozygosity for the 10-repeat allele of DAT1 gene) in the DAT1 gene were not associated with alterations in striatal DAT availability. CONCLUSION: Two months of OROS-MPH treatment decreased DAT availability in both the right caudate and putamen. Adolescents with ADHD who showed a robust response to OROS-MPH had greater reduction of DAT density in the right putamen. However,our findings did not support an association between homozygosity for a 10-repeat allele in the DAT1 gene and DAT density, assessedusing[Tc-99m] TRODAT-1SPECT.

Facial emotion recognition in remitted depressed women.

Although major depressive disorder (MDD) is primarily characterized by mood symptoms, depressed patients have impairments in facial emotion recognition in many of the basic emotions (anger, fear, happiness, surprise, disgust and sadness). On the other hand, the data in remitted MDD (rMDD) patients is inconsistent and it is not clear that if those impairments persist in remission. To extend the current findings, we applied facial emotion recognition test to a group of remitted depressed women and compared to those of controls. Analyses of variance results showed a significant emotion and group interaction, and in the post hoc analyses, rMDD patients had higher accuracy rate for recognition of sadness compared to those of controls. There were no differences in the reaction time among the patients and controls across the all the basic emotions. The higher recognition rates for sad faces in rMDD patients might contribute to the impairments in social communication and the prognosis of the disease.

Puesta al día de la terapia con corticoides intranasales / Update on therapy with intranasal corticosteroids

La rinitis alérgica (RA) es una enfermedad crónica del tracto respiratorio superior cuya prevalencia ha aumentado en las últimas décadas; en la actualidad afecta entre el 5% y el 40 % de la población general en muchos países desarrollados. Aunque no se asocia con morbilidad grave o mortalidad, en un número considerable de enfermos la RA afecta sustancialmente la calidad de vida. El tratamiento eficaz incluye el tratamiento de la RA y de las comorbilidades. Los corticoides intranasales (CIN) se utilizan para el tratamiento de la RA desde principios de la década de 1970. En la actualidad, los CIN se consideran los agentes más eficaces y la terapia de primera línea para aliviar los síntomas de la RA. Diversos estudios han demostrado que los CIN y, en especial, los preparados más nuevos, son fármacos seguros,asociados con efectos adversos graves mínimos o nulos. En este trabajo se realizó una actualización de la terapia con CIN...