ABSTRACT
A 28-year-old woman was referred by her dentist to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon for white lesions of the lower lip and lateral tongue borders on both sides. The diagnoss morsicatio labiorum and linguarum was made. Cheek, tongue, and lip biting occurs with some regularity and often patients are unaware of this habit. The diagnosis of morsicatio is based on clinical appearance and additional diagnostics are unnecessary. The condition belongs to a subcategory of obsessive-compulsive disorders. Treatment is not always necessary, but may consist of making the patient aware of the cause, possibly combined with symptomatic and/or causal therapy, for instance with an occlusal splint or cognitive behavioral therapy.
Subject(s)
Mouth Diseases , Tongue Diseases , Female , Humans , Adult , Lip , Tongue/pathology , Mouth Diseases/etiology , Tongue Diseases/diagnosis , CheekABSTRACT
Background and objectives: We provide a case analysis for a 28-year-old, native Dutch-speaking lady who developed Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS), a few weeks after falling down the staircase. In addition to FAS, which gave the impression she spoke with a German accent, German(-like) words and structures occurred. Speech symptoms were aggravated by increased stress, fatigue or emotional pressure, and this triggered jargon speech. It was hypothesized her FAS and jargon developed on a functional basis.MethodsIn-depth analyses of the patients medical background, neuropsychological and neurolinguistic tests and psychodiagnostic exams were done. The patient participated in an fMRI experiment. In a syllable repetition paradigm, motor speech activations were compared to those of healthy individuals, to see whether they were altered, which would be expected in case of a neurological etiology.ResultsMedical history disclosed prior traumatic experiences for which she sought help, but no neurological incidents. Repeated neuropsychological and neurolinguistic tests showed deficits in recent memory and executive functioning. The patient demonstrated great difficulties with picture naming. Clinically, language switching and mixing as well as recurring jargon speech was found. Formal psychodiagnostic tests did not identify a clear disorder, but psychodiagnostic interviews were consistent with a DSM-5 conversion disorder. The fMRI study demonstrated that speech network activations corresponded to those found in healthy participants.ConclusionThe clinical neurolinguistic characteristics, outcome of the fMRI experiment, together with the clinical psychodiagnostic findings were strongly indicative for an underlying functional etiology for the FAS and jargon speech, presenting as symptoms of conversion disorder. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Speech Disorders , Fatigue , Neurology , Conversion DisorderABSTRACT
Over the past three decades, insights into the role of the cerebellum in emotional processing have substantially increased. Indeed, methodological refinements in cerebellar lesion studies and major technological advancements in the field of neuroscience are in particular responsible to an exponential growth of knowledge on the topic. It is timely to review the available data and to critically evaluate the current status of the role of the cerebellum in emotion and related domains. The main aim of this article is to present an overview of current facts and ongoing debates relating to clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological findings on the role of the cerebellum in key aspects of emotion. Experts in the field of cerebellar research discuss the range of cerebellar contributions to emotion in nine topics. Topics include the role of the cerebellum in perception and recognition, forwarding and encoding of emotional information, and the experience and regulation of emotional states in relation to motor, cognitive, and social behaviors. In addition, perspectives including cerebellar involvement in emotional learning, pain, emotional aspects of speech, and neuropsychiatric aspects of the cerebellum in mood disorders are briefly discussed. Results of this consensus paper illustrate how theory and empirical research have converged to produce a composite picture of brain topography, physiology, and function that establishes the role of the cerebellum in many aspects of emotional processing.
