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1.
Pharm Res ; 8(9): 1180-5, 1991 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1788164

ABSTRACT

The disposition of a chemical delivery system for estradiol (E2-CDS) which is based on a redox dihydropyridine-pyridinium salt conversion was investigated in rats. Tissue and plasma concentrations of E2-CDS and the oxidized metabolite (E2-Q+) were evaluated at times ranging from 1 to 14 days after intravenous administration of E2-CDS formulated as a modified cyclodextrin inclusion complex. While E2-CDS levels were below HPLC assay detection limits for all samples by 1 day postdosing, E2-Q+ was readily quantified. The calculated half-life of E2-Q+ was longest in brain tissue, significantly shorter in heart, lung, and kidney tissues, and shortest in plasma. There was a linear relationship between administered E2-CDS dose and oxidized metabolite measured in brain as well as in other tissues collected 24 hr after drug administration. Coadministration of high doses of a similarly oxidizable dihydropyridine, 1-methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (NMN), in a dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle decreased E2-Q+ measured in brain and other tissues without significantly affecting the relative patterns of distribution in these tissues. Brain tissue E2Q+ levels were not detected after dosing with the oxidized metabolite.


Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Estradiol/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Oxidation-Reduction , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Tissue Distribution
2.
Pharm Res ; 7(8): 879-83, 1990 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2235886

ABSTRACT

The pharmacokinetics of a dihydropyridine-pyridinium salt-type chemical delivery system (CDS) for brain-targeted delivery of estradiol (E2) were examined in dogs. Parameters evaluated in vitro included stability in buffers and biological fluids and plasma protein binding. In vivo studies examined drug and metabolite concentrations in plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid as well as in selected brain regions. The administered lipophilic E2-CDS disappeared very quickly from plasma and was not detected in urine. The oxidized drug form, E2-Q+, was excreted unchanged or as a conjugate in the urine for as long as 2 weeks. Plasma levels were below assay detection limits at later times. Pharmacokinetic analysis of urine E2-Q+ levels allowed estimation of a half-life of 2.2 days. Amounts of E2-Q+ excreted into the urine were proportional to the dose but averaged only 13.9% of the dose, indicating that other routes of excretion must be considered. CSF levels were below the limit of detection for both E2-CDS and E2-Q+, however, brain tissue concentrations of E2-Q+ were similar in several brain regions of individual animals examined 1 or 3 days after drug dosing.


Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Estradiol/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Blood Proteins/metabolism , Dogs , Drug Stability , Male , Oxidation-Reduction , Protein Binding
3.
Anesth Prog ; 37(1): 4-10, 1990.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2077985

ABSTRACT

Investigations concerning the validity and sensitivity of algesimetric parameters were performed on 23 healthy volunteers on the basis of electrical tooth pulp stimulation. Bipolar tooth pulp stimulation has been proved to be superior to monopolar stimulation in respect to the reproducibility of threshold of sensation. Verbal numerical scale (VNS) was found to discriminate better between stimulus intensities than visual analogue scale in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. The long-term reproducibility of subjective pain rating by VNS was surprisingly high. The evaluation of the amplitude of the somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP) was performed by two methods. Calculation on the basis of the N(2), P(1), and P(2) signal gives a more sensitive connection to stimulus intensity. The VNS was found to be more sensitive than SEP in differentiating stimulus intensities.


Subject(s)
Dental Pulp Test , Pain Measurement/methods , Adult , Electric Stimulation , Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory , Female , Humans , Incisor , Male
4.
Schmerz ; 3(2): 103-7, 1989 Jun.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18415368
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