[Altered parameters of respiration mechanics as compared with clinical and X-ray changes in new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Izmenenie pokazatelei mekhaniki dykhaniia v sopostavlenii s kliniko-rentgenologicheskoi dinamikoi u vpervye vyiavlennykh bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

This study was undertaken to explore changes in the mechanics of respiration in new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis during 3-4-month chemotherapy as compared to the course of a tuberculous process, which was based on the times of bacterial isolation cession and cavernous closures. A hundred and thirty-four patients (95 males and 39 females) with different forms of tuberculosis were followed up. The study of external respiratory function involved spirometry, determination of forced expiratory flow-volume, body plethysmography, examination of the mechanics of the lung by esophageal probing. During chemotherapy, bronchial patiency, the elastic constituent of pulmonary impedance, total bronchial resistance, and respiratory performance were ascertained to vary independently of one another. The authors have identified the factors that most greatly influence these changes: baseline bronchial obstruction on the one hand and the form of tuberculosis and the severity of a destructive process in the lung on the other one. A significant association of the time course of changes was found in the mechanics of the lung and in a tuberculous process, which was based on the times of bacterial isolation cession and cavernous closures.

[Clinical and functional comparisons in patients with tuberculous pleurisy]. / Kliniko-funktsional'nye sopostavleniia u bol'nykh tuberkuleznym plevritom.

Forty four patients with tuberculous pleurisy or pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by pleurisy were examined. The examination was made before or in the first days after antituberculous chemotherapy. Along with routine methods used to examine patients with tuberculosis, a complex study of external respiration function involved spirometry, air flow/volume on forced expiration, body plethismography, esophageal probing of respiratory mechanics. Analysis indicated that RD was significantly more frequently observed in tuberculous pleurisy concurrent with infiltrative tuberculosis (81%) than in the former alone (50%). Restrictive disorders were diagnosed significantly more commonly in encysted pleurisy than in free one. Obstruction was significantly more frequently encountered in tuberculous changes in the lung (80%) than in pleurisy alone (46%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant contingency of the incidence and severity of restrictive disorders and bronchial obstruction, which is likely to suggest of the common tuberculous nature of these ventilatory disturbances. The dynamic and static compliance of the lung significantly decreased as the severity of restriction increased. The spirometric indices, such as total lung capacity (TLC) and forced expiratory volume (FEVI), and the indices of dynamic and static compliance of the lung (Cdyn, Cst) (the correlation coefficient (r) with the degree of restrictive disorders was -0.78, -0.76, -0.48, and -0.45, respectively; p < 0.05) are of the greatest informative value in evaluating restrictive disorders. At the same time, the severity of obstructing lesions correlated with the air flow indices IVS25, IVS50, IVS75, and the Tiffeneau index (r = -0.74, -0.82, -0.81, and -0.75, respectively; p < 0.05).