[Efficacy of apixaban in prevention of haemorrhagic complications in treatment of deep vein thromboses with endovascular techniques]. / Éffektivnost' apiksabana v profilaktike gemorragicheskikh oslozhnenii pri lechenii trombozov glubokikh ven éndovaskuliarnymi tekhnologiiami.

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate efficacy of apixaban in prevention of haemorrhagic complications during treatment of proximal thromboses of deep veins of the lower extremities using endovascular techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied the results of treating a total of 50 patients presenting with deep vein thromboses at late stages of the pathological process. The patients were subdivided into 2 statistically homogeneous groups. Group One was composed of 30 patients undergoing treatment consisting in a combination of catheter-guided thrombolysis with urokinase and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, with rivaroxaban used for prolonged anticoagulation therapy. Group Two comprised 20 patients subjected to similar endovascular treatment with additional venous stenting. Prolonged 6-month anticoagulation therapy was carried out with apixaban. The results of treatment were assessed after 12 months by means of control ultrasonographic and clinical examination in order to determine the degree of restoration of the lumen of deep veins and severity of venous outflow impairments. RESULTS: After 1 year, in Group One patients there was no evidence of impaired venous outflow in 40% of patients, with a mild degree revealed in 40%, moderate degree in 13.3%, and severe degree in 6.7% of patients. In Group Two patients, there were no symptoms of venous insufficiency in 83.4%, with a mild degree revealed in 16.6%. Neither moderate nor severe impairments of venous outflow were observed. In Group One, manifestations of haemorrhagic syndrome on the background of taking rivaroxaban were noted to occur in 10% of patients and in Group Two on the background of taking apixaban also in 10% of patients. CONCLUSION: The use of apixaban in patients with proximal thromboses of deep veins of lower limbs on the background of treatment by endovascular techniques proved effective and safe.

[Complications after reconstructive operations on major arteries of lower limbs and methods of correction thereof].

The present study was aimed at revealing and examining the causes of specific complications after reconstructive vascular operations in the aortic-iliac-femoral zones. The study comprised a total of 155 patients, with the period of postoperative follow up amounting to 3 years. Thirty-nine patients were operated on for various specific complications within the terms from 1 to 3 years. The results of the study showed clear-cut relationship between the development of complications and progression of the underlying disease. Satisfactory results after secondary interventions were obtained in patients with good state of the distal bed and operated on at early terms after complications.

[Study of female predilection for thyroid gland carcinoma in Republic Armenia].

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common primary cancer of the thyroid gland. The purpose of the study is to find if thyroid gland carcinoma show gender predilection in Armenia. 529 cases of thyroid gland cancer were studied in hospitals from 1999 to 2011. It was found that thyroid gland carcinoma is three times more common in women than in men practically in all age groups. In comparison with 1985 year the frequency of disease in women has increased. Thyroid gland carcinoma had a higher death rate in women than in men. The lethality was higher in men.

[Problem of early intra- and preoperative pathomorphologic diagnosis of thyroid cancer].

Thyroid cancer is considered as one of the deadly cancers. Differentiation of benign and malignant structures is difficult in patients with thyroid cancer. This work is devoted to the problem of early clinical diagnosis of thyroid cancer. 523 cases of primary thyroid cancer from 1999 to 2011 were studied. The pathomorphologic analysis of thyroid cancer was carried out. The problem of early detection of thyroid cancer is reviewed. It is concluded that the thyroid nodule fine-needle aspirate biopsy and intraoperative frozen section examination do not allow the accurate differentiation of benign tumours from malignant neoplasms; novel diagnostic methods for early detection of thyroid cancer are needed.

[Metastasizing in thyroid gland cancer].

The aim of the research was the analysis of metastasis in patients with thyroid carcinoma in Armenia in 1999-2011. Case histories of 529 patients with thyroid cancer from 1999-2011 were investigated. It was found that the prognostic value of regional metastases differs considerably. In cases of differentiated carcinomas the regional metastases are not regarded as a significant factor of the prognosis, because the majority of the affected lymph nodes is removed by the qualified surgeons during the operation, and the others (not revealed or micrometastases), due to ability to accumulate radio iodine, can be liquidated in the postoperative course of radio iodine therapy. The prognosis is less favorable in regional metastasizing at patients with other types of thyroid cancer. Almost the half of the patients who have died because of thyroid carcinoma had the regional and distant metastases. The index of metastasis in thyroid cancer in rural settlements is higher, than in urban in Armenia. The frequency of metastasizing is higher in elderly patients.

[Problems of early clinical diagnosis of thyroid cancer].

The aim of the study was the evaluation of early diagnosis of thyroid cancer and its impact on the management of these patients. Hospital-based study of 113 primary thyroid cancer cases diagnosed between 1999 and 2011 were evaluated in this report. The study revealed the crucial importance of accurate information about the subtypes of thyroid tumors in the management of these patients and the prognosis of thyroid cancer. There is need for reproducible biomarker that correlates directly with the presence or progression of thyroid cancer.

Direct observation of a breit-wigner phase of a wave function

The Breit-Wigner phase of a wave function was obtained by measuring the interference between two independent ionization paths of a molecule. The state of interest was present in only one of the paths, thereby producing a phase shift in the observed signal. An analytical theory was used to determine the phase of the wave function from the observable.

[Involvement of amygdala central nucleus in the regulation of cardiovascular functions]. / Issledovanie roli tsentral'nogo iadra amigdaly v reguliatsii kardiovaskuliarnykh funktsii.

Effects of high frequency stimulation of the amygdala central nucleus involved a selective decrease in the activity: an increase in the activity of the inferior cardiac nerve and a simultaneous decrease in the activity of the vertebral nerve, as well as an obvious BP increase. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the same amygdala structure accompanied with an overload of the higher nervous activity induced no hypertensions. The role of the amygdala central nucleus in control of cardiovascular functions is discussed.

[Antihormones and laparoscopy in the combined treatment of disseminated forms of genital endometriosis externa]. / Antigormony i laparoskopiia v kombinirovannom lechenii rasprostranennykh form naruzhnogo genital'nogo éndometrioza.

A total of 100 patients with disseminated forms of external genital endometriosis were administered multiple-modality treatment including surgery and antihormone therapy. Twenty patients with the same diagnosis were controls and subjected to surgery alone. The results of treatment assessed on the basis of analysis of the clinical course of the disease, status of the menstrual and generative functions, drug effects on the central nervous system, hormonal status, and target organs (mammary glands and osseous tissue) evidence good potentialities of laparoscopy and high efficacy of subsequent therapy with antihormones in the treatment of patients with grave forms of endometriosis.

[The role of the paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei in the development of chronic neurogenic hypertension and the formation of a self-stimulation reaction]. / Issledovanie roli paraventrikuliarnykh iader gipotalamusa v razvitii khronicheskoi nevrogennoi gipertenzii i formirovanii reaktsii samorazdrazheniia.

Effects of bilateral electric lesion of the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei on cardiovascular components of the defense response and on the self-stimulation operant behaviour, were studied in rats. Overloading of the highest nervous activity induced no hypertension in these animals, though the self-stimulation frequency increased.

[Micro-fractures of the bone tissue]. / Mikrorazrushenie kostnoi tkani.

The object of this report is to inform the traumatologists on some problems of the bone micro-destruction, which can be important for diagnosis, selection of fracture treatment tactics and complication prophylaxis. The obtained results can be used in practice.

[Prognosis in acute suppurative lactation mastitis using the method of measuring electric impedance]. / Prognozirovanie ostrogo gnoinogo laktatsionnogo mastita metodom élektroimpedansometrii.

An investigation of impedance of secretion and breast wound at different post-operative periods in patients with purulent lactation mastitis was performed. A relation of the dynamics of impedance of secretion and wounds with morphostructural and bacteriological alterations in them was established. An express method of predicting the course of the disease by results of impedancemetry has been proposed.

[The role of echography and hysteroscopy in detection of the causes of uterine hemorrhage in the postmenopausal period]. / Ro'l ékhografii i gisteroskopii v vyiavlenii prichin matochnykh krovotechenii v postmenopauze.

Forty-six patients with bloody discharge in the postmenopausal period were examined by echography and hysteroscopy, and the data of these techniques were compared with the results of endometrial curettage. The results evidence that echography is a valuable diagnostic method that permits the detection of or ruling out the hyperplastic processes of the endometrium in the postmenopausal period. Diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity, monitored by hysteroscopy, improves the accuracy of the diagnosis of causes of hemorrhages in the postmenopausal period, for it helps purposefully remove the involved sites of the endometrium.

[Two types of fragmentation of total chromatin by DNAase I--an artifact or reality?]. / Dva tipa fragmentatsii total'nogo khromatina DNKazoi I--artefakt ili real'nost?

The possibility of N+2N repeat (a nucleosomal-type repeat in which the even-numbered peaks dominate) being an artifact has been studied. The repeat results from digestion of chromatin of several rat cells by DNAase I. Endogenous nucleases are not shown to be involved in formation of the repeat. N+2N repeat is also formed during digestion of nuclei isolated from homogeneous lymphocyte populations indicating that the repeat is inherent of chromatin of distinct cells and is not the result of superimposition of different repeats arising from diverse tissue cells. We suppose the N+2N repeat to indicate the existence of the second type of total chromatin differing from the one giving rise to the dinucleosome repeat under the same conditions.

[Comparative study of the discharges of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves during stimulation of the visceral field of the limbic cortex]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie razriadov simpaticheskikh i parasimpaticheskikh nervov pri razdrazhenii vistseral'nogo polia limbicheskoi kory.

Comparative characteristics of parasympathetic responses in pelvic nerve and sympathetic responses in lumbar white communicating rami to stimulation of dorsal and ventral parts of anterior, visceral area of limbic cortex were studied in anesthetized and immobilized cats. Single shocks or short trains of stimuli of the area 25 in limbic cortex evoked a complex response in pelvic nerve, consisting mostly of three waves: the late waves II and III of the parasympathetic discharge with a mean latency of 63.3 and 180.4 msec, and a mean magnitude of 11.0 and 16.7 microV, resp. A short latency component was rarely observed and its latency was about 15.9 msec. The EPs in pelvic nerve and white rami had the lowest threshold in stimulation of the ventral part of area 25. Comparative study of the excitability-recovery properties of cingulo-parasympathetic and cingulo-sympathetic responses revealed a long-lasting inhibition of the test responses for 2000 and 900 msec, resp.

[Comparative study of mechanisms of change in vasomotor sympathetic activity upon stimulation of different structures of the limbic cortex and hypothalamus]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie mekhanizmov izmeneniia vazomotornoi simpaticheskoi aktivnosti pri razdrazhenii razlichnykh struktur limbicheskoi kory i gipotalamusa.

Responses of arterial blood pressure to low- and high-frequency stimulation of different structures of the limbic cortex and hypothalamus were studied in anesthetized and immobilized cats. The low-frequency (5 Hz) stimulation induced depressor reactions, the high-frequency (100 Hz) one-pressor responses. Both kinds of stimulation in the dorsal level of area 25 and of area 23 of the limbic cortex and of the anterior hypothalamus induced similar depressor responses, whereas the hypothalamic structures in the posterolateral region induced only pressor responses. The role of poly-effectory, sympatho-inhibitory and sympatho-activating neurons responsible for the observed three patterns of the blood pressure changes in low- and high-frequency stimulation of limbic cortex and hypothalamus, is discussed.

[A method of sympatho-adrenalectomy in the treatment of severe forms of hypertension]. / Metod simpatoadrenaléktomii v lechenii tiazhelykh form gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

The method of operative interventions on the sympathoadrenal system proposed by the authors for the persistent hypertonic disease tolerant to pharmacotherapy results in a decrease of pressor neuroreflectory and adrenal adrenergic influences on the vascular tone. Good hypotensive effects were noted in remote postoperative terms in 81.2% of patients with the 2nd degree of the disease, and in 54.5% of patients with the 3d degree.