ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis. Worldwide, nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEVs) account for 23%-60% of all cases of viral meningitis. We aimed to detect NPEV among aseptic meningitis cases using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and evaluate molecular testing versus clinical and laboratory parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 2-year prospective study was conducted for all clinically suspected meningitis patients, who underwent lumbar puncture in Alshatby University and Alexandria Fever Hospitals. Clinical manifestations were reviewed; cytological, microbiological, and biochemical examinations were done. One-step RT-PCR for NPEV was introduced to a routine workflow using Pan-Enterovirus primers. RESULTS: Out of 2519 patients, 994 (40%) patients were found to have positive cerebrospinal fluid findings, out of which 716 (72%) patients had positive findings of aseptic meningitis. Ninety-four samples were randomly selected and divided across four age groups: neonates, infants, children, and adults. The significant difference was found among adult patients regarding fever, vomiting, headache, signs of meningeal irritation, cranial nerve affection, and focal neurological deficits (p ≤ .05). Seven cases (7.4%) were found to be NPEV positive by RT-PCR. Positive NPEV PCR samples were shown to be statistically significant among neonates (p ≤ .05). The statistical significance was found among the NPEV group regarding the length of hospital stay and duration of IV antibiotic intake while no statistical significance was found with any clinical or laboratory findings. CONCLUSION: RT-PCR was reliable to identify NPEV while clinical and laboratory findings were inconclusive. NPEV showed low incidence and slight seasonal variation which rings the bell to investigate other causes of viral meningitis throughout the year.
Subject(s)
Enterovirus Infections/diagnosis , Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology , Enterovirus/genetics , Meningitis, Aseptic/epidemiology , Meningitis, Aseptic/virology , Meningitis, Viral/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Egypt/epidemiology , Enterovirus/classification , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Enterovirus/pathogenicity , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Meningitis, Aseptic/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis, Viral/epidemiology , Meningitis, Viral/virology , Prospective Studies , RNA, Viral/genetics , Young AdultABSTRACT
Introduction and study aim : Egypt has the highest prevalence of hepatitis C in the world estimated about 15. There are several host and viral factors that aid in predicting response to treatment; Hepcidine hormone is being investigated as one of these host factors. The aim of the work is to assess the serum concentration of hepcidin in chronic hepatitis C patients and evaluate any possible association with the viral load during therapy.Patients and methods: This study was carried on 35 chronic HCV patients on peg IFN/ Ribavirin therapy and 15 chronic HCV patients not on therapy as a control group.Hepcidin hormone levels were measured in sera of patients before starting therapy (base line) then at 12 and 24 weeks during therapy. RT PCR was used to asses response to ongoing therapy.Results: The level of hepcidin in all cases was low before starting therapy and it showed a significant increase during the course of therapy. This rise was detected earlier in responding cases. A negative correlation was found between baseline hepcidin level and baseline viral load of the responding cases. Conclusion: Chronic HCV infection is associated with reduced level of serum hepcidin hormone. The reduced serum hepcidin in chronic HCV patients is fully reversible after IFN/RBV therapy. Initial rise in serum hepcidin concentration might have a potential for being used as one of the indicators of patient response to therapy