ABSTRACT
The developing embryo and fetus are extremely sensitive to ionizing radiation. The main effects of radiation on he human embryo and fetus are: growth retardation, prenatal or neonatal death, congenital malformations and mental retardation. The incidence of these radiation effects at different stages of gestation, the relations with absorbed doses and threshold doses are discussed. Epidemiological data that reveal high susceptibility to carcinogenic effects of radiation during in utero life are presented. A dose of 0.1 Gy (10 rad) to the embryo and fetus is recommended as a threshold dose, above which a therapeutic abortion should be considered. Diagnostic radiation exposures will reach this level in a very rare cases. The threshold dose, which is an indication for pregnancy termination must be flexible, in a large tolerance, depending on other possible risks of the pregnancy as well as the personality of the future parents.
Subject(s)
Embryo, Mammalian/radiation effects , Embryonic and Fetal Development/radiation effects , Fetus/radiation effects , Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced/etiology , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Female , Fetal Death/etiology , Fetal Growth Retardation/etiology , Gestational Age , Humans , Pregnancy , Radiation, Ionizing , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
After a brief review of the literature the authors analyse the different invasive methods for treatment of liver metastases, rendering preference on intraarterial chemotherapy (IACT). The indications and contraindications for IACT and the possible complications of this approach are determined. The drugs for IACT, the types of implantable devices and the techniques for their application are shown. Criteria for assessment of the effect of treatment are determined. Experience is recorder with 3 patients with anterior resection of rectum and nonresectable liver metastases. The result was failure in 1 patient and very good in the other two.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Carcinoma/drug therapy , Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Infusions, Intra-Arterial/methods , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Contraindications , Female , Humans , Infusions, Intra-Arterial/instrumentation , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Pancreas/blood supply , Angiography , Arteries , Cadaver , Humans , Pancreas/diagnostic imaging , Pancreas TransplantationABSTRACT
An original method of simultaneous directly magnified tomography of sella turcica (proposed by A. Tomov) was applied in X-ray diagnosis of intrasellar tumors. The authors proposed their own classification of the osseous changes, caused by the development of the intrasellar adenomas on the base of J. Hardy and on the base of the tomographic X-ray signs. The greater number one-moment tomographic images - directly magnified present far better the small alterations in the sellar structures.
